家猫爪垫减振机理及其在轮胎花纹中的仿生应用研究

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摘要猫科动物运动时表现出极强的减振特性，爪垫作为与地面接触的唯一躯体部分是影响减振效果的关键因素。通过对家猫爪垫的组织学和接地力学试验研究表明，爪垫的减振机理主要体现在：爪垫组织结构呈现的多层特征有助于衰减接地应力；正常行走步态下爪垫力学特性表征出的爪垫-地接触中存在摆动变形的运动特征有利于缓冲储能的发挥。利用家猫爪垫的减振机理对PCR轮胎中间区域胎面的花纹沟壁结构进行仿生设计，采用仿蜂巢六边形凹坑非对称布局的花纹结构设计来实现家猫爪垫减振机理的仿生学应用。通过有限元仿真分析发现，当轮胎滚动时，所设计的仿生胎面花纹有效降低了轮胎接地压力偏度值和胎面-路面间径向激励力，改善了轮胎胎面磨损和振动噪声特性。

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	王国林1
	梅烨1
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	周海超1
	刘从臻1

关键词 ：工程仿生学, 家猫爪垫, 减振机理, 轮胎花纹, 振动噪声

Abstract：The domestic cats exhibited biological characteristics such as attenuating ground impacts strongly in the process of movement. The claw pads, as the only body in contact with the ground, were the key factor affecting the realization of biological characteristics. According to the histological and contact mechanical tests of cat claw pads, the cushion mechanism of claw pads was mainly reflected in: on the one hand, the multi-layer structure of the claw pads was helpful to reduce the internal and external contact stress and strain; on the other hand, the mechanical characteristics of the claw pads in low-speed walking gait reflected the movement characteristics of front back and left right shaking deformation in the contact surface between the claw pads and the ground, which was beneficial to the exertion of the claw pads cushion energy storage. The bionic design of the tread groove wall structure in the middle area of PCR tire was carried out by using the cushion mechanism of cat paw pads which was realized by using the pattern structure design that imitated the asymmetric layout of honeycomb hexagon groove. Through the finite element simulation analysis, it found that the bionic tread pattern could effectively reduce the contact pressure deflection value and the radial excitation force between the tread and road, and improved the tread wear and vibration noise characteristics.

Key words： engineering bionics the claw pads cushion mechanism tyre pattern vibration noise

收稿日期: 2020-09-16 出版日期: 2022-01-15

引用本文:

王国林1，梅烨1，2，周海超1，刘从臻1. 家猫爪垫减振机理及其在轮胎花纹中的仿生应用研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(1): 128-136.
WANG Guolin1, MEI Ye1,2, ZHOU Haichao1, LIU Congzhen1. Vibration reduction mechanism of cat claw pad and its bionic application in tire pattern. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2022, 41(1): 128-136.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I1/128

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