考虑轮轨材料等效疲劳损伤车轮扁疤引起的轮轨冲击力学响应

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摘要车轮扁疤是车轮踏面缺陷常见形式之一，会产生较大的轮轨冲击，影响列车运行平稳性和安全性。本文建立了三维轮轨滚动接触有限元模型，采用显式有限元法研究了车轮扁疤引起的轮轨冲击力学响应，描述了车轮扁疤冲击钢轨整个过程中轮轨接触状态的变化，着重分析了轮轨材料疲劳损伤与应变率效应对轮轨冲击响应的影响，并讨论了列车速度、扁疤长度、轴重等关键参数的影响规律。结果表明，车轮扁疤引起的最大轮轨垂向接触力约为准静态轮轨垂向接触力的2.6~4.3倍；在研究范围内，轮轨材料疲劳损伤和应变率效应对轮轨垂向接触力、接触斑、接触压力无明显影响，但对von Mises等效应力、纵向应力、垂向应力、横向应力和等效塑性应变影响显著；列车速度、扁疤长度和轴重对轮轨冲击力学响应均有较大的影响。研究结果可为轮轨系统优化设计和列车运行安全提供有益的技术支持。

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	王金能
	敬霖
	黄志辉

关键词 ：车轮扁疤, 轮轨冲击, 疲劳损伤, 应变率效应, 有限元分析

Abstract：As one of the common forms of wheel tread defects, wheel flat can induce a large wheel-rail impact, seriously affecting train running stability and safety. A 3-D wheel-rail rolling contact finite element model was established to study the wheel-rail impact response caused by a wheel flat using an explicit finite element method in this study. The change of wheel-rail contact state during the whole process of wheel flat impacting rail was described, and the influence of initial fatigue damage and strain rate effect of wheel/rail materials on wheel-rail impact response was emphatically analyzed. Besides, the influences of train speed, flat length and axle load were also discussed. Results indicate that the maximum wheel-rail vertical contact force induced by a wheel flat is about 2.6~4.3 times of the quasi-static wheel-rail vertical contact force. Within the scope of the study, the initial fatigue damage and strain rate effect of wheel/rail materials exert no influence on wheel-rail vertical contact force, contact patch and contact pressure, but significantly affect von Mises equivalent stress, longitudinal stress, vertical stress, lateral stress and equivalent plastic strain. Furthermore, the train speed, flat length and axle load all have great effect on the wheel-rail impact response. The obtained results can provide technical support for the optimal design of wheel-rail system and the safety of train operation.

Key words： wheel flat wheel-rail impact fatigue damage strain rate effect finite element analysis

收稿日期: 2020-11-02 出版日期: 2022-01-28

引用本文:

王金能，敬霖，黄志辉. 考虑轮轨材料等效疲劳损伤车轮扁疤引起的轮轨冲击力学响应[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(2): 33-44.
WANG Jinneng，JING Lin，HUANG Zhihui. Wheel-rail impact responses induced by a wheel flat considering the equivalent fatigue damage of wheel/rail materials. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2022, 41(2): 33-44.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I2/33

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