轴颈倾斜下船用复合衬层艉轴承混合润滑特性分析及结构优化

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摘要船用艉轴承支撑着悬伸于船外的螺旋桨轴，由于螺旋桨的重力作用，其轴颈中心线不再平行于轴承孔中心线，而是在竖直平面内发生倾斜。轴颈倾斜使轴承膜厚及压力沿轴向不再均匀分布，显著降低轴承承载能力，使之处于混合润滑状态，且易导致碰磨、严重磨损甚至轴瓦烧焦等问题，严重危害轴系服役安全。为提高轴颈倾斜下水润滑艉轴承的性能，改善压力分布，本文提出了一种采用复合衬层的轴承设计方法，以高分子材料作为承载表面，在高分子承载层与金属外壳之间加入橡胶层，橡胶层为等厚或非等厚结构。在此基础上建立了复合衬层水润滑轴承的混合润滑模型，分析了单一衬层结构、等厚复合衬层结构及非等厚复合衬层结构下的轴承性能。结果表明，对于处于混合润滑状态的水润滑轴承，复合衬层改善了压力分布、降低了摩擦系数和混合润滑状态过渡到流体动力润滑状态时的转速，而非等厚复合衬层对润滑性能具有更显著的改善作用。总结得到非等厚复合衬层轴承最优橡胶层厚的拟合公式，并给出了公式的适用范围，公式形式简洁，便于应用于轴承设计计算。相关工作为船用轴承优化设计和承载能力提升提供了新思路。
关键词：船用艉轴承；轴颈倾斜；混合润滑；结构优化

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	吕芳蕊1
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	饶柱石2
	王珏1

关键词 ：船用艉轴承, 轴颈倾斜, 混合润滑, 结构优化

Abstract：The marine stern tube bearing supports the propeller shaft stretching outside the ship. Due to the gravity of the propeller, the center line of the journal is no longer parallel to that of the bearing hole, but misaligned in the vertical direction. The journal misalignment makes the bearing film thickness and pressure no longer evenly distributed along the axial direction, significantly reduces the bearing capacity, and makes the bearing in mixed-lubrication regime. It is easy to cause problems such as collision, serious wear and even burnt out, which seriously endangers the service safety of the shafting. In order to improve the lubrication performance of misalignment water-lubricated bearing, especially improve the pressure distribution, a bearing design method using composite liner is proposed in this paper. The polymer material is used as the bearing surface, and a rubber layer is between the polymer layer and the metal shell. The thickness of the rubber layer can be uniform or non-uniform. On this basis, the mixed-lubrication model of composite liner water lubricated bearing is established, and the performances of the bearings with single liner structure, with uniform thickness composite liner structure and with non-uniform thickness composite liner structure are analyzed. The results show that for the water-lubricated bearing in mixed-lubrication regime, the composite liner can improve the pressure distribution, reduce the friction coefficient and the speed when the mixed lubrication regime transitions to the hydrodynamic lubrication regime, and the non-uniform thickness composite liner can significantly improve the lubrication characteristics. The fitting formula of the optimal rubber layer thickness is summarized, and the application range of the formula is given. The form of the formula is simple and convenient for bearing design and calculation.
Key words: Marine stern tube bearing; journal misalignment; mixed-lubrication; structural optimization

Key words： Marine stern tube bearing journal misalignment mixed-lubrication structural optimization

收稿日期: 2021-12-07 出版日期: 2022-10-15

引用本文:

吕芳蕊1，2，饶柱石2，王珏1. 轴颈倾斜下船用复合衬层艉轴承混合润滑特性分析及结构优化[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(19): 22-29.
L Fangrui1,2, RAO Zhushi2, WANG Jue1. Analysis of mixed-lubrication characteristics and structural optimization of marine composite liner stern bearing with inclined journal. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2022, 41(19): 22-29.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I19/22

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