基于切缝装药定向预裂的中深孔掏槽爆破研究

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摘要针对岩巷中深孔掏槽爆破效果差的问题，设计了基于切缝装药定向预裂的中深孔掏槽爆破方案。首先从理论上分析定向预裂对槽腔形成的影响，然后开展掏槽爆破数值模拟揭示槽腔岩体的破坏历程和破坏机制，最后通过现场试验探究其应用效果。结果显示：预裂孔中的切缝装药爆破后沿预裂孔连线会形成定向预裂面，定向预裂面具有自由面反射拉伸效应和应力波阻隔效应，能够促使槽腔岩体充分破坏以形成易于抛掷的岩块，且定向预裂面可以降低成腔阻力，有利于掏槽孔爆破成腔；数值模拟实现了槽腔岩体破坏过程的可视化，通过模拟结果证明了定向预裂面的自由面反射拉伸效应和应力波阻隔效应；相比于现有普通中深孔掏槽爆破技术，在岩巷中深孔爆破采用该掏槽技术时，平均循环进尺增加了0.29m，平均炮孔利用率提高了11.6%，平均炸药单耗降低了0.19kg•m-3，平均雷管单耗降低了0.13发•m-3，结果验证了此新型掏槽技术在岩巷中深孔爆破的适用性。

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	王梦想2

关键词 ：中深孔掏槽爆破, 切缝装药, 定向预裂, 理论分析, 模拟

Abstract：Aiming at the poor effect of mid-deep hole cutting blasting in rock roadways, a mid-deep hole cutting blasting scheme based on directional presplitting of slit charge was designed. Firstly, the influence of directional presplitting on the cutting cavity formation was analyzed theoretically. Then, simulation was conducted to reveal the damage process and damage mechanism of rock mass in the cutting cavity. Finally, field tests were carried out to explore its application effect. Results showed that directional presplitting faces could be formed along the line of presplitting holes after slit charge blasting in each presplitting hole. Directional presplitting faces owned free face reflected tensile effect and stress wave barrier effect, thus the rock mass in the cutting cavity could be fully damaged to form rock fragments which were easy to be thrown. And they could reduce the cavity formation resistance, which was conducive to the cavity formation after cutting hole blasting. The numerical simulation could visualize the damage process of rock mass in the cutting cavity, and the free face reflected tensile effect and stress wave barrier effect of the directional presplitting face could be proved by simulation results. Compared with the existing ordinary cutting blasting technique, when the innovative cutting technique was used in the mid-deep hole blasting of a rock roadway, the average effective footage and average hole utilization rate were increased by 0.29m and 11.6% respectively, and the average explosive consumption and average detonator consumption were reduced by 0.19kg•m-3 and 0.13 PCS•m-3 respectively. The results verified the applicability of the novel cutting technique in the mid-deep hole blasting of rock roadways.

Key words： mid-deep hole cutting blasting slit charge directional presplitting theoretical analysis simulation

收稿日期: 2021-11-10 出版日期: 2023-02-15

引用本文:

程兵1,2，汪海波2，宗琦2，徐颖2，王梦想2. 基于切缝装药定向预裂的中深孔掏槽爆破研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(3): 322-329.
CHENG Bing1,2, WANG Haibo2, ZONG Qi2, XU Ying2, WANG Mengxiang2. Mid-deep hole cutting blasting technology based on slit charge directional presplitting. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2023, 42(3): 322-329.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/I3/322

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