异形孔水包爆破围岩粉碎范围研究

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摘要隧道掘进中光面爆破的超欠挖、开挖轮廓线不光滑及爆破效率低是施工中最为关心的问题。针对异形孔水包爆破破岩机理的问题，本文基于岩石爆破损伤分区理论，拟合并推导出异形孔水包爆破的孔壁冲击力计算式P_d=3028.4K_d^(-1.021)及围岩粉碎区的计算式R_c=(P/N[P_r])^(1/α) (r_b+l)。以重庆市黔江区正阳镇隧道为依托，以自制钻头为工具，通过异形孔水包爆破与常规爆破的对比实验以及岩石爆破损伤阈值的数值模拟，验证了计算式的可靠性。结果表明：前者公式拟合精度为R^2=0.996，后者围岩粉碎范围的理论值与实测值吻合；该爆破方式即使在复杂岩石节理中也能产生光滑的隧道开挖轮廓线；炸药径向不耦合系数K_d≤1.5内，炸药量的增加对围岩粉碎区的影响甚少，其主要对破裂区产生影响。

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关键词 ：隧道爆破, 异形孔, 水包, 粉碎区

Abstract：In tunnel driving, the over-under-excavated values of smooth blasting, the uneven contour of excavation and low blasting efficiency are the most concerned problems in construction. Aiming at the problem of rock breaking mechanism by special-shaped hole water bag blasting, based on the theory of blasting. The calculation formula P_d=3028.4K_d^(-1.021) of hole wall impact force of special-shaped hole water bag blasting is fitted, and the calculation formula R_c=(P/N[P_r])^(1/α) (r_b+l) of surrounding rock crushing area is derived. Based on the tunnel in Zhengyang Town, Qianjiang District, Chongqing, and with the self-made drill bit as the tool, the reliability of the calculation formula is verified through the comparative experiment of special-shaped hole water bag blasting and conventional blasting and the numerical simulation of rock blasting damage threshold. The results show that the fitting accuracy of hole wall impact force formula is R^2=0.996, the theoretical value of surrounding rock crushing range formula is consistent with the measured value. This blasting method generates a smooth tunnel excavation profile even in complex rock joints, Radial decoupling coefficient K_d of explosive, and the increase of explosive content in ≤1.5 has little effect on the crushed area of surrounding rock, which mainly affects the fracture area.

Key words： Tunnel blasting Special-shaped hole Water bag Crushing zone

收稿日期: 2022-03-28 出版日期: 2023-06-15

引用本文:

张学富1，2，李宁杰3，周杰1，2，韩风雷1，2，张建1，2. 异形孔水包爆破围岩粉碎范围研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(11): 131-138.
ZHANG Xuefu1,2， LI Ningjie1,2， ZHOU Jie1,2， HAN Fenglei1,2， ZHANG Jian1,2. Research on the crushing range of surrounding rock in special-shaped hole water bag blasting. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2023, 42(11): 131-138.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/I11/131

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