冲击载荷下实心与空心颗粒材料缓冲性能的对比实验研究

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摘要空心颗粒材料与实心颗粒材料相比，可以在节约材料消耗的同时达到轻质化目的，是具有良好发展前景的缓冲材料。本文在测量单个空心及实心颗粒物理特性的基础上，通过物理实验从冲击力第一峰值和缓冲耗时两个方面探讨了冲击能量、颗粒床厚度和颗粒粒径等因素对空心及实心颗粒材料缓冲性能的影响。实验结果表明：单个空心颗粒的等效弹性模量及回弹系数均小于实心颗粒。当冲击能量较小时，空心颗粒材料对峰值冲击缓冲效率优于实心颗粒材料，当冲击能量较大时，空心颗粒缓冲性能的优势主要体现在对峰值冲击力的减弱。空心颗粒材料的临界厚度小于实心颗粒材料，但在颗粒床厚度较小时的缓冲效率比实心颗粒差。颗粒粒径对空心及实心颗粒材料缓冲性能的影响呈现相反的趋势，振动耗能是影响空心颗粒缓冲性能的主要因素。空心颗粒的内外径满足一定比例关系时会达到最优的缓冲性能，因此颗粒粒径超过平衡粒径后，空心颗粒材料相较于实心材料不再具有缓冲性能的优势。

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	王浩宇1
	赵婷婷1
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	冯云田1
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	梁绍敏1
	王志华1

关键词 ：颗粒物质, 空心颗粒, 缓冲性能, 冲击载荷

Abstract：Compared with solid particle materials, hollow particle materials can achieve the purpose of lightening weight and saving material consumption which have the growth potential to become good buffering materials. On the basis of measuring the physical properties of the single hollow and solid particles, the buffering capacity of hollow and solid particle materials are studied by comparing the first peak of impact force and buffering time from physical experimental results. The effects of impact energy, particle bed thickness and particle size on buffering capacity of hollow and solid particle materials are investigated. The experimental results show that the elastic modulus and rebound coefficient of single hollow particle are smaller than that of solid particle. Under the low impact energy, the buffering efficiency of hollow particle materials are better than that of solid particle materials. When the impact energy is large, the advantage of hollow particle buffer capacity is mainly reflected in the weakening ability of peak impact force. The critical thickness of hollow particle materials is smaller than that of solid particle materials, but the buffering efficiency of hollow particle materials is worse than that of solid particle when the thickness of the particle bed is small. The influence of particle size on buffering capacity of hollow and solid particle materials presents opposite trends. The vibration energy dissipation is the main factor affecting the buffering capacity of hollow particle materials. The optimal buffering capacity of hollow particle materials can be achieved when the ratio of inner and outer diameters of hollow particles equals to a certain number. Therefore, when the particle size exceeds the equilibrium particle size, hollow particle materials no longer show better buffering capacity compared with solid materials.

Key words： particle materials hollow particles buffering capacity impact load

收稿日期: 2022-06-08 出版日期: 2023-09-15

引用本文:

王浩宇1，赵婷婷1，2，冯云田1，3，梁绍敏1，王志华1. 冲击载荷下实心与空心颗粒材料缓冲性能的对比实验研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(17): 275-283.
WANG Haoyu1, ZHAO Tingting1,2, FENG Yuntian1,3, LIANG Shaomin1, WANG Zhihua1. Contrastive experiments for buffering capacities of solid and hollow particle materials under impact load. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2023, 42(17): 275-283.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/I17/275

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