1.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080，China;
2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China
Abstract：Seismic site response of deep soil is a challenging and difficult issue for seismic design of engineering structures and in seismic hazard evaluation practice. One-dimension seismic site response analysis methods based equivalent linear theory are the prevailing technique to calculate site response. However, the reliability of equivalent linear methods on deep soil response has not been widely recognized. Through selecting 30 strong-motion stations which are underlain by soil layers deeper than 50 m from KiK-net strong-motion network in Japan, and colleting 1218 seismic data recorded by the stations, five seismic site response analysis programs such as DEEPSOIL (DP), LSSRLI-1 (LS), SHAKE2000 (SHAKE), SOILQUAKE (SQ) and SOILRESPONSE (SR) are adopted to calculate the surface acceleration and their response spectra. Comparing the calculated values of three characteristic parameters of standardized response spectrum, i.e., peak ground-motion acceleration (PGA), characteristic period (Tg) and plateau value (βmax), with those of the records, the reliability of the programs is evaluated quantitatively. The analytical results indicate that the accuracy of calculation by SR program for PGA values is the largest while that of SQ is the weakest. The difference of calculation accuracy for Tg is not significant even though SQ exhibits a slight advantage over the others. The calculation of βmax values by the five programs keeps fairly consistent. The calculation accuracy increases with increasing acceptable relative errors of the parameters. The analytical results presented are expected to evaluate the reliability of equivalent linear methods which are applied on deep soil response analysis.
郭婷婷1,2，陈龙伟1,2，吴晓阳1,2，袁晓铭1,2，李瑞山1,2. 等效线性化方法计算深厚土层地震反应的可靠性研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(18): 172-179.
GUO Tingting1,2,CHEN Longwei1,2,WU Xiaoyang1,2,YUAN Xiaoming1,2,LI Ruishan1, 2. Reliability of the seismic response analysis for deep soil sites using equivalent linear methods. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2023, 42(18): 172-179.
[1] 陈国兴, 陈继华. 软弱土层的厚度及埋深对深厚软弱场地地震效应的影响[J]. 世界地震工程, 2004, 20(3): 66-73.
CHEN Guoxing, CHEN Jihua. The effect of depth and thickness of soft soil layer on earthquake response for deep soft sites [J]. World Earthquake Engineering, 2004, 20(3): 66-73.
[2] Rathje E, Idriss I M, Rathje E, et al. Strong ground motions and site effects[J]. Earthquake Spectra, 2000, 16(S1): 65-96.
[3] 刘朔宽, 查小刚. 唐山地震高烈度区场地条件对震害的影响[J]. 西北地震学报, 1982, 4(02): 67-74.
Liu Shuokuan, Cha Xiaogang. The damage anomaly of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in high intensity region [J]. Northwest Seismological Journal, 1982, 4(02): 67-74.
[4] Idriss I M. Response of soft sites during earthquakes[C]. In the proceedings of H Bolton Seed Memorial Symposium, 1990, 2: 273-289.
[5] Seed R B, Dickenson S E, Mok C M. Seismic response of soft sites: recent lessons[C]. In the proceedings of EERI Forty-fourth Annual Meeting, 1992, pp:36-39, San Francisco, CA.
[6] Beck J L, Hall J F. Factors contributing to the catastrophe in Mexico city during the earthquake September 19, 1985[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1986, 13(6): 593-596.
[7] Seed H B, Romo M P, Sun J I, et al. The Mexico earthquake of September 19, 1985-Relationships between soil conditions and earthquake ground motions[J]. Earthquake Spectra, 1988, 4(04): 687-729.
[8] Campillo M, Gariel J C, Aki K, et al. Destructive strong ground motion in Mexico city: Source, path, and site effects during great 1985 Michoacan earthquake[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1989, 79(06): 1718-1735.
[9] Esteva L. The Mexico earthquake of September 19, 1985-Consequences, lessons, and impact on research and practice[J]. Earthquake Spectra, 1988, 4(03): 413-426.
[10] Borcherdt R D, Glassmoyer G. On the characteristics of local geology and their influence on ground motions generated by the Loma Prieta earthquake in the San Francisco Bay region, California[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1992, 82(02): 603-641.
[11] Hanks T C, Krawinkler H. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and its effects: Introduction to the special issue[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1991, 81(05): 1415-1423.
[12] Field E H, Johnson P A, Beresnev I A, et al. Nonlinear ground-motion amplification by sediments during the 1994 Northridge earthquake[J]. Nature, 1997, 390(6660): 599-602.
[13] Tsai Y B, Huang M W. Strong ground motion characteristics of the Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake of September 21, 1999[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, 2000, 2(01): 1-21.
[14] Wang G, Zhou X, Zhang P, et al. Characteristics of amplitude and duration for near fault strong ground motion from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2002, 22(01): 73-96.
[15] 李平, 薄景山, 齐文浩, 等. 土层结构对汉源烈度异常的影响[J]. 地震学报, 2012, 34(06): 851-857.
LI Ping, BO Jingshan, QI Wenhao, et al. Effects of soil strucyure on abnormal intensity in Hanyuan old town [J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2012, 34(06): 851-857.
[16] Schnabel P B, Lysmer J, Seed H B. SHAKE, a computer program for earthquake response analysis of horizontal layered sites[R]. Report No. EERC 72-12, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, 1972.
[17] 袁晓铭, 李瑞山, 孙锐. 新一代土层地震反应分析方法[J].土木工程学报, 2016, 49(10): 95-102.
YUAN Xiaoming, LI Ruishan, SUN Rui. A new generation method for earthquake response analysis of soil layers [J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2016, 49(10): 95-102.
[18] 蒋通, 邢海灵. 水平土层地震反应分析考虑频率相关性的等效线性化方法[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2007, 29(2): 218-224.
JIANG Tong, XING Hailing. An equivalent linear method considering frequency-dependent soil properties for seismic response analysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2007, 29(2): 218-224.
[19] 孙锐, 袁晓铭. 全局等效线性化土层地震反应分析方法[J].岩土工程学报, 2021, 43(4): 603-612.
SUN Rui, YUAN Xiaoming. A holistic equivalent linearization approach in seismic response analysis of soil layers [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2021, 43(4): 603-612.
[20] 李瑞山, 袁晓铭, 李程程. 中硬场地下两款土层地震反应方法与精确解的对比[J]. 地震工程学报, 2015, 37(2): 40-46.
LI Ruishan, YUAN Xiaoming, LI Chengcheng. Contrasting study of two seismic response methods and the exact solution for moderately stiff soil sites [J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2015, 37(2): 40-46.
[21] Zalachoris G, Rathje E M. Evaluation of One-Dimensional site response techniques using borehole arrays[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, 2015, 141(12): 4015053.
[22] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部中华人民共和国国家标准. 建筑抗震设计规范GB50011-2010[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2010.
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China. Code for seismic design of buildings GB50011-2010[S]. Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press, 2010.
[23] 廖振鹏. 地震小区划(理论与实践)[M]. 北京: 地震出版社, 1989.
LIAO Zhenpeng. Seismic Microzonation (Theory and Practice). [M]. Bijing: Seismic Press, 1989.
[24] 王鸾, 袁近远, 汪云龙等. 基于软土场地实测记录的三款土层地震反应分析方法可靠性研究[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2018, 27(5):12-19.
WANG Luan, YUAN Jinyuan, WANG Yunlong, et al. Reliability comparison of three kinds of seismic response analysis methods for soil layers in soft soil site [J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2018, 27(5): 12-19.
[25] 李兆焱, 袁晓铭, 王鸾等. 巨厚场地三款土层地震反应分析程序对比检验[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2017, 37(4): 42-50.
LI Zhaoyan, YUAN Xiaoming, WANG Luan, et al. Verification of three methods for calculating earthquake response of soil layers in deep sites [J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2017, 37(4): 42-50.
[26] Gardner G, Gardner LW, Gregory A R. Formation velocity and density-the diagnostic basics for stratigraphic traps[J]. Geophysics, 1974, 39(6): 770-780.
[27] Darendeli M B. Development of a new family of normalized modulus reduction and material damping curves[D]. Thesis of the University of Texas at Austin, 2001．
[28] 中国地震局地球物理研究所，中国地震灾害防御中心,中国地震局工程力学研究所，等中华人民共和国国家标准. 中国地震动参数区划图GB 18306-2015[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2015.
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China. The Chinese Zonation Map of Ground-Motion Parameters GB 18306-2015[S]. Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press, 2015. (in Chinese)
[29] 赵培培. 设计反应谱拟合方法研究及特征参数统计[D]. 中国地震局工程力学研究所博士学位论文, 2017.
Zhao P P. Statistics of Characteristic Parameters and Research on Fitting Method of Design Response Spectrum[D]. PhD Thesis of Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, 2017. (In Chinese with English Abstract)
[30] 吴晓阳, 陈龙伟, 袁晓铭. 场地条件校正的地震动快速评估方法研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2020, 39(3): 193-198.
WU Xiaoyang, CHEN Longwei, YUAN Xiaoming. Fast assessment method for ground motion considering site condition correction[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2020, 39(3): 193-198.
[31] 贲驰, 李威威, 杜东升,等. 不同场地类别减震性能曲线研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(17):221-230.
BEN Chi, LI Weiwei, DU Dongsheng, et al. Damping performance curves for different site types seismic waves[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2022, 41(17): 221-230.
