动车传动系统的振动特征分析

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摘要高速动车传动系统中的关键部件振动特性，对高速动车组运行的稳定性和安全性有着非常重要的影响。受复杂激励环境、振动传递路径等因素的影响，实测动车关键部件加速度振动信号难以分析出其故障及服役振动特征。为了研究不同运行工况下传动系统关键部件的振动特性，考虑了柔性轮对、齿轮啮合、轴箱轴承及刚性构架特征，建立了动车传动系统与车辆构架的半整车刚柔耦合模型。基于时变刚度下的系统动力学模型，研究传动系统的幅频响应特征，探索关键部件的振动机理。最后，针对不同工况及其转速，分析关键部件的时域与频域振动特征。对比实测数据，验证系统模型的真实可靠性。研究结果表明：动力学模型仿真结果与实测数据结果对比基本一致。受齿轮动态啮合刚度影响，系统固有频率有明显的波动。无随机干扰下，系统振动主要以齿轮啮合频率为主，随机干扰下，系统振动中有明显的共振现象且存在高频振动特征。运行速度增加后，系统振幅程增长趋势。研究成果可为关键部件的检测与维护提供理论研究基础。

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	杨柳1
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	杨绍普2
	梁儒全1
	杨月婷2

关键词 ：传动系统, 齿轮, 轮轨激励, 振动响应

Abstract：The transmission system is an essential component of high-speed EMU, and its health state is closely related to the safety of train operation. Under the influence of complex wheel-rail excitation, it is difficult to analyze the characteristics of signals of transmission system. In order to explore the vibration characteristics of key components of EMU transmission system under different operating conditions, in this study, the dynamic model of rigid flexible coupling is established. The effect of helical gear, wheel/rail coupling, and taper rolling bearing are considered. the natural frequency and modal response characteristics of the system under different conditions are solved and analyzed. Finally, according to different conditions, the main influencing factors of time domain and frequency domain characteristics of key components are studied. The model was validated in comparison with experimental data. The results show that the support conditions of the system can effectively improve the vibration characteristics of the system. Without random interference, the system vibration is mainly gear meshing frequency. Under random interference, the system vibration has obvious resonance characteristics and high-frequency vibration characteristics.

Key words： Transmission system gear wheel-rail force Vibration response

收稿日期: 2022-10-25 出版日期: 2023-10-28

引用本文:

杨柳1，2，杨绍普2，梁儒全1，杨月婷2. 动车传动系统的振动特征分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(20): 188-195.
YANG Liu 1,2,YANG Shaopu2,LIANG Ruquan1,YANG Yueting2 . Analysis of dynamic characteristics of an EMU transmission system. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2023, 42(20): 188-195.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/I20/188

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