重复冲击下砂岩的动态响应实验研究

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摘要高速动能水击压裂可借助聚能水锤效应实现强动载泄入性液压冲击，具有高峰值压力、高加载速率、重复多次渐进扩缝等优势，其中聚能流体贯入性冲击下岩石损伤-破裂的演化机制是该技术优化设计的核心问题。为此，本文采用岩石动态冲击损伤模拟实验装置，开展高速动能水击压裂破岩实验，分析不同加载速率、冲击次数、冲击组合等对岩石破裂形态的影响规律。结果表明：单次高速动能水击破岩中，随着加载速率的提高，岩石破坏依次呈现出近孔眼破碎损伤（8.5MPa/ms）、微裂缝聚并串联成宏观裂纹（13.4MPa/ms）、流体楔入形成脆性崩裂裂缝（15.5MPa/ms）三种模式；在小峰值压力、低加载速率重复冲击下，岩石损伤破坏呈现近孔眼损伤（1-2次）-裂缝起裂扩展（3-5次）-应力挤压破碎（6-10次）三个阶段，随着冲击次数的增加，孔眼周围损伤加剧，形成3mm-40mm（贯穿岩样）不等长的裂缝；“先低后高”组合加载速率冲击方式下，前期重复低速率冲击可在孔眼周围形成微裂纹损伤而又不会产生破碎压实，随后借助单次高加载速率聚能冲击，实现大体积高压流体在微裂纹内的快速楔入，激发多条径向深穿透裂缝，同时该组合冲击方法还可实现主裂缝两侧基质扩容增渗和相交分支缝网，实现改造效果的最大化。

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	吴飞鹏1
	2
	赵志强1
	颜丙富1
	丁乾申3
	刘静1
	2
	齐宁1
	2
	罗明良1
	2

Abstract：High-velocity and hydraulic kinetic energy fracturing can achieve hydraulic penetration impact with strong dynamic load. This technology mainly utilizes the water hammer effect, which has many unique advantages, such as high peak pressure, high loading rate, and repeated progressive expansion of cracks. The evolution mechanism of rock damage-fracturing process under the hydraulic penetration impact of charged fluid is the core issue in the optimization design of this technology. Therefore, a rock dynamic damage simulation experimental device was employed to conduct a series of rock dynamic failure experiments under strong hydraulic penetration impact. The influence law was analyzed based on loading rate, impact times, and combined repeated impact on rock failure morphology. The results indicate that, If a single hydraulic penetration impact is conducted on rocks, three different rock failure modes are presented in sequence as the loading rate increase. These are near wellbore crushing damage (8.5MPa/ms), forming macroscopic cracks due to the aggregation and concatenation of microcracks (13.4MPa/ms), fluid wedging brittle cracking (15.5MPa/ms). Under repeated impacts with low peak pressure and low loading rate, rock damage and failure exhibit three stages: near wellbore crushing damage (1-2 times), cracks initiation and propagation (3-5 times), and stress compression crushing (6-10 times). As the number of impacts increases, the damage around the hole intensifies, forming cracks of varying length.

Key words： hydraulic rock fracturing increases the permeability impact times the combination of impact.

收稿日期: 2023-07-12 出版日期: 2024-04-28

引用本文:

吴飞鹏1,2，赵志强1，颜丙富1，丁乾申3，刘静1,2，齐宁1,2，罗明良1,2. 重复冲击下砂岩的动态响应实验研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(8): 193-201.
WU Feipeng1,2,ZHAO Zhiqiang1,YAN Bingfu2,DING Qianshen3,LIU Jing1,2,QI Ning1,2,LUO Mingliang1,2. Experimental study on rock fracturing mechanism of high speed Kinetic energy hydraulic fracturing. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2024, 43(8): 193-201.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I8/193

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