Abstract：Airworthiness certification of aircraft turbine engines with respect to bird ingestion is reliant on physical tests of a full scale engine. Due to the complexity of the engine structure, there are problems, such as computational efficiency and difficulty in determining critical ingestion parameters, in numerical simulation of the whole engine during bird strikes. which is not adopted by engineering wor…ks. In compliance with bird ingestion requirements, numerical analysis of an aeroengine subjected to bird strikes is an economical and efficient method. Based on the numerical simulation requirements of aircraft engine due to bird strikes, simplified modeling of aircraft engine and critical ingestion parameters were investigated. Firstly, considering relationships and interactions among engine components under operating conditions, the finite element model of a full-scale aeroengine was developed using the SPH method. Secondly, based on simulations of fan blades during a bird-strike event, critical ingestion parameters of a large single bird and medium flocking birds were determined. Finally, with regard to the full-scale FE model of a turbine engine subjected to bird strikes under the most critical condition, impact force, rotating unbalance, unbalancing load and blade damage induced by large single bird, medium flocking birds, medium single bird and large flocking bird, respectively, were captured. The numerical results show that the bird-strike damage generated by the large single bird poses the greatest threat to the safety of engine components, while blade damage induced by flocking birds covered a wider area. It is invaluable for engine manufacturers to incorporate a predictive modeling methodology of a turbine engine under bird strikes into structural safety design and bird ingestion certification.
李俊杰1，柴象海2，金先龙1，杨培中1. 航空发动机鸟撞适航符合性数值模拟研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(10): 311-318.
LI Junjie1, CHAI Xianghai2, JIN Xianlong1, YANG Peizhong1. Numerical simulation on the airworthiness compliance of aircraft engines during bird strikes. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2024, 43(10): 311-318.
[1] Heimbs S. Computational methods for bird strike simulations: A review[J]. Computers and Structures, 2011, 89(23-24): 2093-2112.
[2] 2016年度中国民航鸟击航空器事件分析报告[R]. 中国民用航空总局安全技术中心，2018.
Bird strikes to civil aircraft in China (2016) [R]. Center of Aviation Safety Technology, 2017.
[3] Barber J P, Fry P F, Klyce J M, et al. Impact of soft bodies on jet engine fan blades[R]. AFML-TR-77-29, Air Force Material Laboratory, 1977.
[4] Storace A F, Nimmer R P, Ravenhall R. Analytical and experimental investigation of bird impact on fan and compressor blading[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 1984, 21(7): 520-527.
[5] Martin N F. Nonlinear finite-element analysis to predict fan-blade damage due to soft-body impact[J]. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 1990, 6(4): 445-450.
[6] Teichman H C, Tadros R N. Analytical and experimental simulation of fan blade behavior and damage under bird impact[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 1991, 113(4): 582-594.
[7] Martindale I. Bird ingestion and the Rolls-Royce wide chord fan[R]. BSCE22-WP80, Vienna: Bird strike Committee Europe, 1994.
[8] Meguid S A, Mao R H, Ng T Y. FE analysis of geometry effects of an artificial bird striking an aeroengine fan blade[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2008, 35(6): 487-498.
[9] Sinha S K, Turner K E, Jain N. Dynamic loading on turbofan blades due to bird-strike[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2011, 133(12): 122504.
[10] Vignjevic R, Ortowski M, Vuyst T D, et al. A parametric study of bird strike on engine blades[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2013, 60(oct.): 44-57.
[11] 柴象海, 侯亮, 王志强,等. 航空发动机宽弦风扇叶片鸟撞损伤模型标定[J]. 航空动力学报, 2016, 31(5)：1032-1038.
CHAI Xiang-hai, Hou Liang, Wang Zhi-qiang, et al. Bird strike model calibration for an aero engine wide-chord fan blade[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2016, 31(5): 1032-1038.
[12] 郭鹏,刘志远,张桂昌,等.鸟撞过程中撞击位置与撞击姿态对风扇叶片损伤影响研究[J].振动与冲击, 2021, 40(12):124-131.
GUO Peng, LIU Zhiyuan, Zhang Guichang, et al. Study on effect of bird impact position and attitude on fan blade damage. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2021, 40(12):124-131.
[13] 中国民用航空规章：第33部 航空发动机适航规定，CCAR-33-R2 [S]. 中国民用航空总局, 2011.
China civil aviation regulations: Part 33 airworthiness standards of aircraft engines, CCAR-33-R2 [S]. CAAC, 2011.
[14] 邹伟雄, 曹源. 发动机中鸟鸟群吸入验证要求与方法[J]. 测试技术学术, 2015, 34: 505-508.
ZOU Wei-xiong, Cao Yuan. Requirements and methods for the medium birds ingestion test[J]. Measurement & Control Technology, 2015, 34: 505-508.
[15] Mackinnon B. Sharing the skies. An aviation industry guide to the management of wildlife hazards[M]. TP 13549, Transport Canada, 2004.
[16] Wilbeck J S. Impact behavior of low strength projectiles[R]. AFML-TR-77-134, Air Force Material Laboratory, 1978.
[17] Axel Rossmann. Aeroengine Safety[M/OL]. https://aeroenginesafety.tugraz.at, [2023-9-14]
[18] Allaeys F, Luyckx G, Van Paepegem W, et al. Numerical and experimental investigation of the shock and steady state pressures in the bird material during bird strike[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2017, 107: 12-22.
[19] Shepherd C J, Appleby-Thomas G J, Hazell P J, et al. The dynamic behaviour of ballistic gelatin[C]//Shock Compression of Condensed Matter-2009. AIP conference proceedings 1195, 2009: 1399-1402.
[20] Leseur D. Experimental investigations of material models for Ti-6A1-4V and 2024-T3[R]. UCRL-ID-134691, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1999.
