Based on elastic wave theory, the characteristics for axial symmetric longitudinal guided wave propagation in double layered hollow cylinder with a thin elastic contact layer were investigated. When the contact layer thickness is far less than wavelength, the medium inertial motion of elastic contact layer was omitted, the dimensionless dispersion equations of axial symmetric longitudinal wave was derived according to free boundary conditions and elastic contact layer interface condition. The real roots of disperse equations were solved by numerical calculation method and the disperse relation was obtained. Comparison with the existing references calculation results shows the accuracy and effectiveness of the present method. The influence of contact layer on longitudinal wave the first mode phase velocity dispersion relation and stress and displacement in cylinder were analyzed by calculation examples, the result shows that the shorter the wavelength, the larger the effect of elastic contact layer on disperse relations. The phase velocity increases with the increases of the contact layer thickness under a fixed wave number value. The stress and displacement decreases with the increases of the stiffness of a unit contact layer thickness, while the Poisson's ratio of contact layer has little effect on them.