鼓型消声器的声学性能计算与分析

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摘要鼓型消声器是由膨胀腔和张紧的轻膜片构成。理论和实验研究表明，在空气输运系统中使用鼓型消声器能够在低频区域内取得较佳的降噪效果。本文使用Green函数和Kirchhoff–Helmholtz积分来计算矩形管道中膜片的辐射声场，进一步计算得到膜片振动引起的、作用在膜片上的辐射声压和消声器的传递损失。对比验证表明，本文提出的解析法的计算结果和有限元仿真结果吻合良好。计算结果表明：通过简单地调节膜片的固有频率不能达到拓宽双腔并联鼓型消声器消声频带的目的；增大膜片和管道的距离将降低鼓型消声器的传递损失；将单腔鼓型消声器分为两个串联腔室后，可以通过长短腔室传递损失曲线的互补实现宽频降噪效果，并且每个膜片所需的优化张紧力下降，但是腔室分离之后低频消声效果将降低。

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关键词 ：鼓型消声器, 格林函数, 消声特性, 解析计算

Abstract：A drumlike silencer consists of an expansion chamber covered by light membranes under high tension. Theoretical and experimental study has shown that the introduction of the drumlike silencer into a typical air conveying system can achieve satisfactory quieting in the low-frequency region. Green’s function and Kirchhoff–Helmholtz integral are used to solve the sound radiation in the rectangular duct. After the vibration velocity of the membrane is obtained, the pressure perturbation induced by the membrane oscillation and the transmission loss are found. The transmission loss calculated by the analytical method agrees closely with the result of the finite element method simulation. The results showes that simply adjusting the natural frequencies of the two membranes can't broaden the acoustic attenuation bandwidth of the drumlike silencer with two parallel cavities. And the performance of the silencer may degrade when the height of the membrane above the duct is increased. When the single cavity of a drumlike silencer is divided into two in-line cavities, the TL curves induced by the longer and shorter cavities can compensate for each other and the broadband acoustic attenuation can be reached. The optimal tension for each membrane can also be lower, while the performance in low-frequency region will be deteriorated.

Key words： drumlike silencer Green’s function acoustic attenuation characteristics analytical method

收稿日期: 2014-07-09 出版日期: 2015-09-15

引用本文:

赵晓臣，柳贡民，张文平. 鼓型消声器的声学性能计算与分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2015, 34(17): 152-160.
ZHAO Xiaochen LIU Gongmin ZHANG Wenping. Acoustic attenuation performance analysis of the drumlike silencer. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2015, 34(17): 152-160.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2015/V34/I17/152

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