切向加载、卸载和振荡强耦合下机床螺栓结合部之摩擦能量耗散机制

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摘要在保持微凸体受法向力恒定的状态下，侧重导出切向力和变形量的切向加载、切向卸载和切向振荡接触方程。当2个球形微凸体接触时，构建每循环中切向接触摩擦能量耗散力学模型。按照赫兹静力弹性法向接触理论，得到微凸体顶端曲率半径。根据微凸体分担法向力的光滑性与连续性法则，校正临界弹性变形微接触面积与临界变形量的数学表达式。面向有条件等式，在弹性和纯塑性变形基础上，建立整个结合部法向力与切向接触摩擦能量耗散的理论模型。以北京机电院高技术股份有限公司直线电机驱动Linear MC6000普莱诺五面体加工中心上的龙门横梁-导轨螺栓结合部为研究对象，分析法向预紧力、表面粗糙轮廓分形维数、切向力、分形粗糙度、相关因子、单轴向屈服应变及静摩擦因数等7个相对独立参数对切向接触摩擦能量耗散的影响规律。可视化的数值分析结果表明：切向接触摩擦能量耗散随着法向预紧力的增大先增大后减小；表面粗糙轮廓分形维数在较小范围内，切向接触摩擦能量耗散随着表面粗糙轮廓分形维数或分形粗糙度的增大而增大；表面粗糙轮廓分形维数在较大范围内，切向接触摩擦能量耗散随着表面粗糙轮廓分形维数或分形粗糙度的增加而减小；切向接触摩擦能量耗散随着切向力、相关因子、单轴向屈服应变的增加而加大；切向接触摩擦能量耗散随着静摩擦因数的增加而降低与经典结论完全相反，这是因为当静摩擦因数较大时，根据近代分形几何理论可知法向预紧力越大，微滑趋势将更小，导致较小切向接触摩擦能量耗散。

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	田红亮
	张屹
	余媛
	陈甜敏
	郑金华

关键词 ：切向加载, 切向卸载, 切向振荡, 机床, 螺栓结合部, 法向预紧力, 切向交变力, 摩擦能量

Abstract：When the normal force acting on asperity was held constant, the tangential loading, tangential unloading and tangential oscillating contact equations between tangential force and deformation were modeled in detail. The mechanics model for shear contact frictional energy dissipation per cycle was stated when two spherical bulges contacted. On the basis of Hertz static elastic normal contact theory, the asperity summit curvature radius was obtained. Owing to the smooth and continuous rule of normal force exerting microcontact, the mathematical expressions about critical elastic deflexion micro contact area and critical deflection were modified. Orbited to the definite term equation and based on elastic and purely plastic deformation, the theoretical models of livelong joint interface normal force and transverse contact frictional energy dissipation were proposed. A gantry beam-rail bolt joint interface was selected as a research object at the Linear MC6000 Plano pentahedral machining center driven by a linear motor from Beijing Machine and Electricity Institute High-Tech Company Limited. The influence laws of normal preload, fractal dimension of a surface harsh profile, tangential force, fractal roughness, relating factor, uniaxial yield strain and static friction coefficient on the transverse contact frictional energy dissipation were investigated. Furthermore, the visual digital analysis results reveal that the transverse contact frictional energy dissipation first adds and then diminishes with the increase of normal preload. The transverse contact frictional energy dissipation increases with increasing fractal dimension of a surface rough profile or fractal roughness in the smaller fractal dimension of a surface rough profile. The transverse contact frictional energy dissipation decreases with increasing fractal dimension of a surface rough profile or fractal roughness in the larger fractal dimension of a surface rough profile. The transverse contact frictional energy dissipation increases with the increment of tangential force, relating factor and uniaxial yield strain. Besides, the opinion of the transverse contact frictional energy dissipation decreasing with the increment of static friction coefficient is completely contrary to the classical conclusion, because the static friction coefficient becomes larger, the normal preload becomes higher employing neoteric fractal geometrical theory, and the tendency of microslip will be much less, which results in less transverse contact frictional energy dissipation.

Key words： transverse loading transverse unloading transverse oscillating machine tools bolt joint interface normal preload transverse fluctuation force frictional energy

收稿日期: 2015-09-06 出版日期: 2016-07-25

引用本文:

田红亮，张屹，余媛，陈甜敏，郑金华. 切向加载、卸载和振荡强耦合下机床螺栓结合部之摩擦能量耗散机制[J]. 振动与冲击, 2016, 35(15): 58-73.
TIAN Hong-liang, ZHANG Yi, YU Yuan,CHEN Tian-min, ZHENG Jin-hua. Frictional energy loss regime of bolt joint interface in machine tools considering transverse loading-unloading-oscillating strong interaction. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2016, 35(15): 58-73.

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http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2016/V35/I15/58

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