轴承摩擦力作用下弹性支承轴系自激振动特性研究

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摘要以重力式水洞中的弹性支承轴系为研究对象，研究其在水润滑橡胶轴承摩擦力作用下的自激振动特性及其机理。实验结果表明，系统于某一确定转速产生自激振动，并随转速下降维持不变直到一个较低转速由于驱动力不足而消失，各个转速下的自激振动均表现为转速调制下的单阶模态失稳。为了研究自激振动机理，建立了弹性支承轴系动力学模型。在建模时，首先将轴系分为弹性支承和转轴两个子结构，分别获取固有振动频率和模态振型，然后建立在轴承界面摩擦力作用下的支承-转轴耦合动力学模型，并采用模态叠加法对模型进行降阶处理。采用四阶Runge-Kutta方法求解动力学方程，分析主要物理参数对系统的影响。分析结果表明，失稳模态为支承的小阻尼扭转振动模态，支承振动与轴承摩擦耦合作用是系统失稳的主要原因。

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关键词 ：弹性支承, 摩擦激励, 耦合振动, 自激振动

Abstract：

The vibration characteristics of a flexibly supported shafting system, placed in a gravity water tunnel and excited by the friction from water-lubricated rubber bearing, were investigated to increase understanding of self-excited instability mechanism. Experimental results indicated that the self-excited vibration emerged at a specific speed and grew stronger as the shaft speed decreased, but it disappeared at a low speed due to inadequate drive capacity from motor. To analyze self-excited instability mechanism, the dynamic model of the system was built. In the modeling of the dynamics, the substructure synthesis method was employed and two substructures, the flexible support and the shaft, were analyzed respectively to derive the associated natural frequencies and modes according to compatible conditions and boundary conditions. Next, an synthesized model of the shafting system coupled through the friction of water-lubricated rubber bearing was built and reduced by mode truncation. The fourth order Runge-Kutta method was used to solve the pre-built dynamic equations and the influences of several physical parameters on vibration instability were investigated. The experimental results and numerical results can reach a good agreement. The results show that the instability mode is associated with a certain rotational mode of support as a result of light damping. The interaction effect of support vibration and bearing friction is decisive for instability.

Key words： flexible support friction excitation coupled vibration self-excited vibration

收稿日期: 2016-04-18 出版日期: 2017-08-28

引用本文:

覃文源1,2，覃会1,2，郑洪波1,2，张振果1,2，张志谊1,2. 轴承摩擦力作用下弹性支承轴系自激振动特性研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2017, 36(17): 187-194.
Qin Wenyuan1,2 Qin Hui1,2 Zheng Hongbo1,2 Zhang Zhenguo1,2 Zhang Zhiyi1,2. Research on Self-Excited Vibration of Flexibly Supported Shafting System Induced by Bearing Friction. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2017, 36(17): 187-194.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2017/V36/I17/187

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