Field measurements and numerical simulations were adopted to research snowdrifts on low-rise buildings. Typical roofs including stepped flat roof, flat roof and pitched roof were considered. Snow load models on typical roofs were put forward, and the results showed that cs on stepped flat roof was similar to the existing results, cs on flat roof increased along the wind direction, presenting an inverted u-shaped distribution, and could be simplified to an uniform distribution. With the changing of wind speed, cs trended to the evolution of inverted "V", the adverse effect due to the linear inhomogeneous distribution should be considered. On pitched roof, the amount of snowdrift was less on the condition of weak wind weather, the adverse effect on the windward side was suggested to be considered. Snow load on the plat roof and the pitched roof both increased due to the existence of parapets, and the drift length on the windward side was much higher than that on the Leeward side. At last, a coupled CFD and DEM method was used to simulate snowdrift on typical stepped flat roof, considering collision and bonding of snow, and the simulation results had a good consistency with the existing field measurement.
赵雷1,余志祥1,2,齐欣1,赵世春1. 低矮建筑屋盖风雪流作用场地实测与数值模拟[J]. 振动与冲击, 2017, 36(22): 225-231.
ZHAO Lei1 YU Zhixiang1,2 QI Xin1 ZHAO Shichun1. Field measurements and numerical simulation of the snowdrift on low-rise buildings. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2017, 36(22): 225-231.
[1] 王元清,胡宗文,石永久等.门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构雪灾事故分析与反思[J]. 北京:土木工程学报.2009,42(3),65-70.
Wang Yuanqing, Hu Zongwen,Shi Yongjiu,et al.Analysis and reflection on snow disaster accidents of steel structures of light-weight buildings with portal frames[J].China Civil Engineering Journal.2009,42(3),65-70.
[2] 蓝声宁,钟新谷. 湘潭轻型钢结构厂房雪灾受损分析与思考[J]. 北京:土木工程学报. 2009,42(3),71-75.
Lan Shengning, Zhong xingu. Damage diagnoses and lessons learnt from the failure of lightsteel structures by heavy snow in Xiangtan[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal. 2009, 42(3), 71-75.
[3] Majowiecki M. Snow and wind experimental analysisin the design of long-span sub-horizontal structures[J]. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 1998, (74-76):795-807.
[4] GB50009-2012 建筑结构荷载规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
GB50009-2012, Load code for the design of building structures [S]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2012.
[5] ASCE 7-10 Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures[S]. New York: ASCE, 2010.
[6] NRC-IRC. National Building Code of Canada 2005[S]. Ottawa:NRCC,2005.
[7] BSI. BS EN 1991-1-3:2003 Eurocode 1-Actions on structure-Part 1-3:General actions-Snow loads[S]. London: BSI, 2003.
[8] Tsuchiya M, Tomabechi T, Hongoa T, et al. Wind effects on snowdrift on stepped flat roofs[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2002. 90: 1881-1892.
[9] Thiis T K. Large scale studies of development of snowdrifts around buildings[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2003, 91: 829-839.
[10] O'Rourke M, Degaetano A. Analytical Evaluation of Drift Loads [J]. Structures 2004: Building on the Past, Securing the Future, ASCE, pp. 1-11.
[11] O'Rourke M, Degaetano A, Tokarczyk J D. Snow drifting transport rates from water flume simulation[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2004,92(4): 1245-1264.
[12] O'Rourke M, Degaetano A, Tokarczyk J D. Analytical Simulation of Snow Drift Loading [J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2005, 131(4): 660-667.
[13] Cocca J, O'Rourke M. Mathematical Simulation of 50-Year Snow Drift Loads [J]. Structures Congress.pp. 2008, 1-9.
[14] Tominaga Y, Okaze T, Mochida A.CFD modeling of snowdrift around a building: An overview of models and evaluation of a new approach [J]. Building and Environment, 2011, 46(4): 899-910.
[15] 孙晓颖,洪财滨,武岳. 典型形式大跨度屋盖风雪漂移的数值模拟[J]. 振动与冲击,2014,18:36-42.
Sun Xiao-ying, Hong Cai-bin, Wu Yue. Numerical simulation of snow drifting on typical long-span roofs [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2014,18:36-42.
[16] 王卫华,廖海黎,李明水.风致屋面积雪分布风洞试验研究[J]. 北京:建筑结构学报, 2014,35(5),135-141.
Wang Weihua, Liao Haili, Li Mingshui. Wind tunnel test on wind-induced roof snow distribution [J].Journal of Building Structures, 2014,35(5),135-141.
[17] 殷惠君. 膜结构风荷载的数值模拟研究[D].上海:同济大学,2006.
[18] Davenport A.G. The relationship of wind structure to wind loading [A].Proc. of the symposium on wind effect on building and structure[C]. vol.1,london, P54-102,1965.
[19] 余志祥,闫雁军. 近壁区网格△y对TTU建筑风场湍流计算的影响[J].重庆:土木建筑与环境工程, 2012,34(6),46-51.
YU Zhixiang, YAN Yanjun. Influence on Turbulent Flow Calculation of Wind Flow Around TTU Building by Grid Size △y in Near-Wall Region[J]. Journal of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering, 2012, 34(6), 46-51.
[20] AIJ recommendations for loads on buildings[S]. AIJ, Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan, 2004
[21] Hertz H. On the contact of elastic solids [J]. J. reine angew. Math, 1881, 92(110), 156-171.
[22] Mindlin R D. Compliance of elastic bodies in contact [J]. Journal of applied mechanics, 1949, 16, 259-268.
[23] Tsuji Y, Tanaka T, Ishida T. Lagrangian numerical simulation of plug flow of cohesionless particles in a horizontal pipe [J]. Powder technology, 1992, 71(3): 239-250.
[24] Cundall P A, Strack O D L. A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies [J]. Geotechnique, 1979, 29(1): 47-65.
[25] DEM Solutions. EDEM 2.2 User Guide [M/OL],2009.
[26] 王卫华. 风致屋面积雪分布特性风洞试验与数值模拟研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.