流固耦合振动效应对机翼气动噪声辐射的影响研究

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摘要在常规气动声学研究中，机翼结构往往被视为不会与流体发生耦合作用的刚性体，认为流体压力不会引起机翼结构振动。但实际上机翼结构在外部流体激励作用下会产生振动，结构振动会起流场变化进而引起气动噪声变化。对于弹性较大的机翼结构忽略这种流固耦合振动噪声效应会导致数值模拟结果偏离实际情况。为了研究流固耦合振动效应对气动噪声预测结果的影响，以NACA0012翼型为对象，采用CFD/CSD耦合数值方法求解翼型流场和结构场的非定常响应，再通过FW-H方程评估翼型的远场辐射气动噪声。仿真结果表明考虑流固耦合效应时翼型的气动噪声要显著大于刚体模型情况，并且噪声声源指向性发生明显改变。对机翼表面涡量分析发现，机翼的振动改变了机翼表面压力分布，导致机翼表面湍流动能增强，进而造成机翼辐射气动噪声的增大；并且弹性机翼辐射的气动噪声随着机翼刚度降低呈增大趋势。

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关键词 ：机翼噪声；流固耦合；大涡模拟；FW-H方程

Abstract：In conventional aero-acoustic investigations, wing structures are usually treated as a rigid body not coupling with flow.Actually external flow induces wing structure’s vibration, and vibration causes flow field to change and aerodynamic noise variation.Neglecting this fluid-structure coupled vibration noise effect on wing structures with larger elasticity leads to numerical simulation results deviating from actual situations.In order to investigate influences of the fluid-structure coupled vibration effect on predicted results of aerodynamic noise, taking the NACA0012 airfoil model as a study object, the CFD/CSD coupled numerical method was used to solve unsteady responses of the airfoil flow field and the structure field, and evaluate the far-field radiated aerodynamic noise of the airfoil.The simulation results indicated that when considering fluid-structure interaction effects, the airfoil aerodynamic noise is significantly larger than that of the rigid body model, and the directivity of the noise source changes obviously; the vorticity analysis for the wing surface reveals that the wing vibration changes its surface pressure distribution and causes the turbulence kinetic energy to enhance on the wing surface, and make the wing aerodynamic noise radiation increase; the radiated aerodynamic noise of the elastic wing increases with decrease in its stiffness.

Key words： wing noise fluid-structure interaction large eddy simulation FW-H equation

收稿日期: 2017-03-23 出版日期: 2018-09-28

引用本文:

蒋树杰 1，2,刘菲菲 1，2，陈刚 2，3. 流固耦合振动效应对机翼气动噪声辐射的影响研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2018, 37(19): 7-13.
JIANG ShuJie12,2 LIU FeiFei1,2 CHEN Gang2,3 . Influences of fluid-structure coupled vibration effect on airfoil aerodynamic noise radiation. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2018, 37(19): 7-13.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2018/V37/I19/7

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