水下航行体微气泡减阻特性试验研究

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摘要为研究微气泡对水下航行体减阻影响规律，分析微气泡流形态变化特性，本文基于高速摄像系统和测力系统，开展水下航行体微气泡减阻特性试验研究。基于高速摄像系统，对比分析了微气泡流形态变化特性及微气泡尺寸分布特征；基于测力系统，分析了微气泡减阻特性变化规律及微气泡尺寸对减阻效率的影响。试验结果表明：通气环和通气段模型在不同通气率下微气泡流形态的最主要差别在于是否存在“卷起”和空穴现象，且微气泡流形态的不同对微气泡的减阻规律产生直接影响；不同条件下，微气泡尺寸分布均服从正态分布，且相同来流速度下，微气泡直径随着微孔介质孔隙的增加而增大；随着通气量的增加，通气环模型减阻率依次呈现缓慢增加、快速增加和逐渐稳定三个阶段，通气段模型减阻率则始终保持以一个较为稳定的增长率线性增加，直到最后逐渐稳定；尺寸较小的微气泡具有更高的减阻效率。

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关键词 ：水下减阻, 微气泡流, 空隙率, 水洞试验

Abstract：To study the effect laws of microbubble flow on drag reduction of an underwater vehicle and analyze morphological variation characteristics of microbubble flow, water tunnel tests were conducted for microbubble drag reduction features of an underwater vehicle based on a high speed camera system and a six-component force-measuring system. The morphologic variation characteristics of microbubble flow and its size distribution features were contrastively analyzed based on images captured by the high speed camera. The microbubble drag reduction characteristics and effects of microbubble size on drag reduction efficiency were analyzed based on the six-component force-measuring system. The test results showed that the main difference between microbubble flow morphology of ventilation ring model and that of ventilation section one under different ventilation rates is whether or not there are roll-up and cavity phenomena, and different microbubble flow morphologies directly affect the microbubble drag reduction law; the size distributions of microbubble under different conditions satisfy normal distribution, and under the same coming flow velocity, diameter of microbubble increases with increase in microporous medium porosity; with increase in ventilation, the drag reduction rate of ventilation ring model reveals 3 stages including slow increase stage, fast increase one and gradually stable one, while the drag reduction rate of ventilation section model increases linearly at a more stable increase rate until it finally stabilizes; smaller microbubbles have a higher drag reduction efficiency.

Key words： underwater drag reduction microbubble flow void ratio water tunnel experiment

收稿日期: 2017-11-01 出版日期: 2019-02-28

引用本文:

宋武超王聪魏英杰路丽睿. 水下航行体微气泡减阻特性试验研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2019, 38(5): 203-208.
SONG Wuchao, WANG Cong, WEI Yingjie, LU Lirui. Tests for microbubble drag reduction features of an underwater vehicle. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2019, 38(5): 203-208.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2019/V38/I5/203

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