While flood is discharged in the high dam, the vibration generated by huge flow fluctuating load can transmit to upstream and downstream along the river through the ground, which would result in ground vibration and is harmful to the neighboring residents and buildings. In this paper, the traditional physical model is improved, and then a correlation system is established by uniting the model with prototype observation. Further, the characteristics of vibration sources as well as factors influencing vibration intensities are investigated. The results show that established hydroelastic model with a series of vibration isolation and vibration damping can simulate well the real flood discharging conditions and accurately reflect the actual ground vibration through linear prediction. The vibration energy of orifice is the primary vibration source of ground vibration, and the secondary guide wall and stilling pool base slab. The orifice opening ways, upstream and downstream water levels seriously influence the vibration intensity of ground. So it is suggested to control the vibration intensity from the sources through regulating the discharge modes. The vibration will amplified when the foundation stiffness is small.