摘要：在垂直简谐激励下，通过控制激励水平和激振频率，利用软球模型（通常称为离散单元体法，DEM）对颗粒阻尼器的耗能特性进行了三维数值仿真研究，而在控制激励水平时，本文不仅仅关注了振动加速度幅值，同时研究了振动速度幅值和位移幅值对颗粒阻尼器耗能特性的影响。仿真结果表明：在控制激励频率时，颗粒阻尼器的损耗功率随激励加速度幅值、速度幅值以及位移幅值的增加而增加；而在控制激励水平时，则发现了三种不同的规律：加速度幅值固定时，损耗功率随激励频率的增加而减小；速度幅值固定时，激励频率的变化对损耗功率的影响很小；而当位移幅值固定时，损耗功率随激励频率的增加而增加；在对颗粒阻尼两种不同的耗能机理的研究中发现摩擦耗能占总耗能的比例随激励幅值的增加而降低，冲击耗能占总耗能的比例随激励幅值的增加而增加。并通过与试验结果的对比，验证了仿真结果的正确性。

ABSTRACT: The characteristic of energy dissipation for particle damper was investigated by simulation using 3-D discrete element method under harmonic excitation in vertical in this paper; the excitation level and frequency were controlled, respectively. For the excitation level, not only the acceleration amplitude was interested but the velocity amplitude and the displacement amplitude as well. As a result: the loss power depends on the excitation level and frequency. When the acceleration amplitude, velocity amplitude and displacement amplitude increase, loss power increases. When the acceleration amplitude is the same, loss power decreases with the excitation frequency increases. When the velocity amplitude is the same, loss power has almost nothing to do with the excitation frequency. When the displacement amplitude is the same, loss power increases with the excitation frequency increases. And as the excitation level increases, the percent of friction part of loss power decreases and the percent of the impact part increases. The result has been also obtained by experiment.