[摘要]分析了多曲囊式空气弹簧的材料、几何和接触等非线性力学特性,提出采用非线性有限元研究空气弹簧非线性弹性特性的方法。根据有限元方法建立了空气弹簧的有限元分析模型,进行了有限元计算和试验研究,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了所采用的研究方法和分析模型的正确性和有效性。在此基础上,研究了充气压力、胶囊参数及附加气室容积对空气弹簧弹性特性的影响,结果表明:空气弹簧的承载能力和刚度随充气压力增加而增大;胶囊的帘线角和附加气室容积对空气弹簧弹性特性有较大的影响;帘线网格间距、帘线层间距、帘线层数及帘线材料对空气弹簧弹性特性影响不大。
Abstract: Based on the study of the mechanics features of air spring including the nonlinearities in material, geometry, contact, the nonlinear finite element analysis was applied to study nonlinearity characteristic of air spring. The three-dimensional finite element model of a cystiform air spring was established with the method of nonlinear finite element analysis. The analytical results were confirmed by the experiment with the use of an air spring test bench. The different contributions to the nonlinear stiffness characteristic of the multiplayer cystiform air spring were studied, which related to the inflation pressure, capsule parameters and additional chamber volume. The results show that the inflation pressure, capsule cord angle and additional chamber volume of the air spring have distinct influence to the stiffness character; whereas, the number of capsule card layer, interval of capsule card layer and interval of capsule card grid, capsule card material have little impact.