The railway turnout is a vital component of the rail-track structure. The structural performance and safety condition of the railway turnout has a significant impact on the running safety and operation quality of the trains, especially the high-speed trains, and it is therefore of great importance to conduct the research of damage detection and crack monitoring for the railway turnout. This paper proposes a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology-based method for damage detection of turnout rail-tracks with the aid of the characteristics of reflection spectra of the FBG sensors. The FBG sensors are installed on the turnout rail-track with cracks, and the static and dynamic experiments in the laboratory are carried out to verify the method of damage detection by analyzing the structure of reflection spectra of the FBG sensors. The experimental results show that the proposed damage identification method based on the characteristics of FBG reflective spectra can effectively identify the cracks on the turnout rail-tracks.