以32m简支箱梁桥为原型，以10:1为几何缩尺比，设计制作了简支箱梁桥的相似模型，并依据弹性力相似律推导了原型桥与模型桥间的相似关系，之后对原型桥与模型桥的有限元模型进行模态分析，以及开展模型桥的模态试验，通过模态数据对比验证了相似模型桥的可靠性。在此基础上，通过锤击试验，研究了不同竖向刚度的弹性支座对箱梁振动特性的影响，并探讨了弹性支座在箱梁桥上部结构与桥墩间的隔振效果。结果表明：在20~200Hz的中高频段范围内，支座刚度变化会对箱梁跨中的结构振动产生一定的影响，但影响很小；振动由顶板传递至翼板的过程中衰减慢，其次是腹板，振动由顶板传递至底板的过程中衰减最快；简支箱梁桥上部结构与桥墩间设置弹性支座可有效降低墩顶的振动，且支座刚度的大小对弹性支座的隔振效果影响很大，同时弹性支座在不同频率下的隔振效果差异较大。
Abstract
The similarity model of a simply-supported box-girder bridge with span of 32 m was designed and manufactured with the geometry scale factor of 10. Based on the similarity law of elastic force, the similarity relation between the prototype and model was derived. Then, the modal analysis of the finite element models of the prototype bridge and the model bridge was carried out, and meantime, modal tests of the model bridge were also conducted. The reliability of the similar bridge model was verified by the modal data comparison. Based on this, the influence of the elastic supports with different vertical stiffness on the vibration characteristics of box-girder was studied, and the vibration isolation effect of the elastic supports between the box girder bridge and piers was discussed. The results show that in the middle and high frequency bands of 20—200 Hz, the change of support stiffness has a certain influence on the structural vibration of the middle section of the box-girder, but the influence is very small. The vibration attenuation from the top plate to the flange plate is rather slow, that by the web is somewhat faster, and the vibration attenuates fastest from the top plate to the base plate. The vibration of the piers top is effectively reduced by setting elastic supports between the upper structure and piers of the bridge, and the stiffness of the support has a great influence on the vibration isolation effect of the elastic support. The vibration isolation effect of the elastic support is different at different frequencies.
关键词
简支箱梁 /
相似模型 /
弹性支座 /
锤击试验 /
隔振
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Key words
simply-supported box-girder /
similarity model /
elastic support /
hammer excitation test /
vibration isolation
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