横风下高速列车突入隧道瞬变压力及列车风

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摘要针对高速列车在横风下突入隧道的普遍情形，考虑空气的非定常、可压缩湍流特性，建立列车-隧道-横风三维数值模型，对比研究有无横风条件下列车突入过程中隧道内的瞬变压力变化规律和列车风特性。通过将数值计算结果与现场实测数据进行对比，验证了数值方法的准确性。研究结果表明：与无横风情况相比，列车在横风中高速驶入时隧道入口周围的瞬变压力和列车风发生明显变化；在尾车完全驶入前，横风对背风侧气动压力的影响程度比迎风侧的大，其中头车突入时对隧道入口气动压力的影响最为显著；横风对隧道内气动压力和列车风的影响范围有限，当横风速度为24.4 m/s时，隧道内受影响距离为50 m；头车突入隧道时，横风对列车背风侧列车风的影响较大，而尾车完全驶入时，横风对列车迎风侧的列车风的影响比较严重；横风效应是导致列车背风侧气动压力和气流速度大幅波动的根本原因。

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关键词 ：高速列车, 隧道, 横风, 瞬变压力, 列车风, 流场

Abstract：For the general case of high-speed trains passing a tunnel under crosswinds, considering the unsteady compressible turbulence characteristics of the flow, a 3D numerical model including train-tunnel-crosswind was established to and study the aerodynamic pressure change laws and slipstream characteristics under the conditions of crosswinds and without crosswinds comparatively. The accuracy of the numerical method was validated by the full-scale experiment. The main conclusions can be summarized as follow: Compared with the condition of without crosswind, the transient pressure and slipstream near the tunnel entrance change significantly when the train enters under crosswind. Before the full entry of the tail car, the influence of crosswind on the aerodynamic pressure at the leeward side is greater than that on the windward side, and the influence of the head car on the aerodynamic pressure at the tunnel entrance is the most significant. The influence of crosswind on aerodynamic pressure and gust in tunnel is limited. When the crosswind speed is 24.4 m / s, the distance affected in the tunnel is 50 m. When the head car enters, the crosswind has a great influence on the train wind on the leeward side of the train, while the influence of crosswind on the windward side of the train is more serious when the tail car enters completely. The crosswind effect is the fundamental reason for the large fluctuation of aerodynamic pressure and air velocity.

Key words： high-speed train tunnel crosswind transient pressure slipstream flow field

收稿日期: 2020-12-04 出版日期: 2022-02-15

引用本文:

王磊1,2,3，骆建军1,2,3，李飞龙1,2,3. 横风下高速列车突入隧道瞬变压力及列车风[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(3): 27-36.
WANG Lei1,2,3, LUO Jianjun1,2,3, LI Feilong1,2,3. Transient pressure and train wind during high-speed train entering a tunnel under crosswind. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2022, 41(3): 27-36.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I3/27

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