模型试验及数值模拟下尾矿库溃坝尾砂流演变预测

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摘要尾矿库溃坝所产生的尾砂流类似于地质灾害中的泥石流，具有发展迅速、破坏性强、影响范围广和预警时间不足等特点，研究溃坝尾砂流的演变规律及其影响范围对防灾减灾具有重要的意义。本研究利用RAMMS碎屑流软件建立了数值三维模型进行数值仿真溃坝模拟，通过物理模型(1:150)试验研究了溃坝的尾砂流对下游的演变进程和影响范围，并将其试验数据与数值计算结果对比分析，验证了数值模拟在溃坝仿真上的可靠性和有效性。结果表明，以漫顶水流到达拦砂坝底开始计时，尾矿坝溃坝9 min尾砂流开始冲击距尾矿坝0.7 km处的下游村庄；随着溃坝的持续，溃坝泥砂淤积逐步加深，水位继续升高，并在18 min对下游造成全面淹没，影响范围达0.558 km2，库内尾砂的溃泄总量可达1.3×107m³。建议在尾矿库的设计、管理和风险评估过程中，结合潜在的危险范围，合理的增加防灾减灾的措施。

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	罗昌泰1
	2
	李栋伟1
	余国平3
	张潮潮1
	徐斌2

关键词 ：尾矿库, 溃坝, 模型试验, RAMMS, 防灾减灾

Abstract：The tailing flow generated after dam failure will evolve into Geo-hazards like debris flows. Tailings flow is characterized by rapid development, strong destructiveness, wide range of influence and insufficient warning time. It is of great significance for disaster prevention and mitigation to study the evolution law of dam-break tailings flow and its influence range. In the study, we used RAMMS debris flow software to establish a numerical three-dimensional model for the numerical simulation of dam-break. We tested the evolution process and influence range of the dam-break tailings flow on the downstream by building a physical model (1:150), and compared the experimental data with the numerical calculation results to verify the reliability and effectiveness of the numerical simulation. The results showed that in the process of the tailings dam-break, the tailings flow began to impact downstream villages (0.7 km away from the tailings dam) within 9 minutes when we started timing from the over-topping water reaches the bottom of the dam. As the dam break continued, the dam-break silt deposits gradually deepened, and the water level continued to rise. Finally, it caused a full-scale flooding of the downstream within 18 minutes, with an impact area of 0.558 km2, and the total amount of tailings in the reservoir could reach 1.3×107m³. It is strongly recommended that the design, management and risk assessment of tailings dams should be combined with potential hazards to increase disaster prevention and mitigation measures.

Key words： tailing dam failure physical model RAMMS disaster prevention and mitigation

收稿日期: 2020-05-18 出版日期: 2022-02-15

引用本文:

罗昌泰1,2，李栋伟1，余国平3，张潮潮1，徐斌2. 模型试验及数值模拟下尾矿库溃坝尾砂流演变预测[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(3): 307-315.
LUO Changtai1,2, LI Dongwei1, YU Guoping3, ZHANG Chaochao1, XU Bin2. Evolution prediction of tailings flow in dam break of tailings pond under model test and numerical simulation. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2022, 41(3): 307-315.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I3/307

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