外转子风机轴向振动及故障机理研究

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摘要针对国内第一条低速磁浮辅助变流器外转子风机短期失效问题，建立了风机轴向振动弹性基础双质量振子系统动力学模型，并推导了系统位移频响的解析解，结合线路运行振动试验、风机装车频响测试、实验室台架安装变频运行试验及频响测试，揭示了该外转子风机出现早期异音、卡阻故障表象的机理为：风机第4阶电磁激振力波及电流谐波激励与其定、转子轴向同向运动模态产生耦合共振，致使转子轴承内圈、支撑转子轴的碟形弹簧及碟形弹簧卡环间产生了剧烈相对振动，从而在风机工作过程中发生了周向滑移和摩擦。在此基础上，提出了一种故障振动形态定位及复现的方法及相应的载荷谱制定方法，并在振动台上成功复现故障。最后，系统地分析了外转子风机定、转子间的刚度和阻尼、风机支撑结构的刚度和阻尼及安装基础的弹性对系统轴向振动特性的影响，从提高外转子风机振动可靠性和减小传递给基础的激励出发，给出了系统结构优化设计的建议。研究工作对类似于外转子风机这类，弹性安装的双质量振子系统的结构设计、电机轴向振动的抑制、轴承故障的定位和复现有重要的理论价值和工程指导意义。

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	刘海涛
	陈俊
	黄迪
	唐雄辉
	刘永江
	李华
	彭宣霖
	曾亚平
	夏亮

Abstract：In order to systematically study and solve the short-term failure of the outer-rotor fans which are used for the auxiliary converters of the first low-speed maglev train in China, a dynamical model of a two-degree-freedom system on a flexible base was built to simulate the axial vibration of the fans. According to the analytical solutions of the displacement of the model, the vibration tests on the running lines, the variable frequency vibration test of the fans as well as the FRF tests both on trains and test-rig in the lab, it can be verified that it is the coupling between the fourth order electromagnetic force as well as the current harmonic excitations and the axial vibration mode of the fans that causes the excessive vibration of the rotor shaft, which leads to the friction between the bearing and the belleville spring. Based on the analysis results, a method and the corresponding load spectrum to locate and reproduce the failure of the bearings were proposed, which was conducted on a shake table successfully. At last, the effect of the parameters of the fans such as the resilience of the base as well as the stiffness and damping of the stator and rotor of the fan were analyzed systematically in order to improve the reliability and optimize the structural design.

Key words： auxiliary converters for maglev trains outer-rotor fans shake table coupling resonant two-degree-freedom system

收稿日期: 2020-02-19 出版日期: 2022-03-28

引用本文:

刘海涛，陈俊，黄迪，唐雄辉，刘永江，李华，彭宣霖，曾亚平，夏亮. 外转子风机轴向振动及故障机理研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(6): 271-280.
LIU Haitao, CHEN Jun, HUANG Di, TANG Xionghui, LIU Yongjiang, LI Hua, PENG Xuanlin, ZENG Yaping, XIA Liang. On the axial vibration and the failure of outer-rotor fans. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2022, 41(6): 271-280.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I6/271

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