高频声呐换能器梯度匹配层声学特性研究

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摘要在声呐系统中，高效率、超宽带的声呐换能器可以提高其成像分辨率，在海底地貌的探测与识别方面需求迫切。传统换能器的带宽拓展常采用单层或多层均匀匹配层的方法来实现，但由于其未能很好地实现阻抗过渡而较难满足换能器在水中的超宽带性能要求。针对超宽带需求提出的一种声阻抗梯度匹配层材料很大程度上弥补了这一缺点，其特性声阻抗具有按z(x)=z_1 e^2αx指数衰减变化的特点。根据解析计算与有限元仿真的结果，通过流体混合物填充3D精准打印的中空圆锥形结构材料的方式研制了该梯度材料并进行了声阻抗性能测试。在此基础上研制了一款梯度匹配层换能器，从实验结果可知梯度匹配层的相对带宽高出传统双匹配层14%，达到实验设计的结果。

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	卞加聪
	王艳
	刘振君
	沈明杰
	赵慧
	孙逸来

关键词 ：超宽带声呐, 梯度匹配层, 声学特性, 3D打印技术

Abstract：In a complex marine environment, high-efficiency, ultra-wideband sonar transducer can improve its imaging resolution and there is an urgent need for the detection and identification of the seabed landforms. The bandwidth expansion of the traditional transducer is usually achieved by using a single or multiple uniformly matching layers, but it cannot meet the ultra-wideband performance requirement of the transducer in water because it fails to achieve an optimal acoustic impedance transition. An acoustic gradient impedance matching layer material proposed for ultra-wideband needs largely compensates for this shortcoming. This gradient matching layer material had the characteristic that the acoustic impedance decreased in the direction of thickness according to an exponential law z(x)=z_1 e^2αx. According to analytical calculation and finite element simulation method, the gradient material was implemented by filling the fluid mixture into the conical cavities structure by 3D accurately printing and the acoustic impedance test was carried out. On this basis, a gradient matching layer transducer was developed. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the relative bandwidth of the gradient matching layer is 14% higher than that of the traditional double matching layer, reaching the results of the experimental design.

Key words： ultra-wideband sonar gradient matching layer acoustic characteristics 3D printing technology

收稿日期: 2020-08-11 出版日期: 2022-04-15

引用本文:

卞加聪，王艳，刘振君，沈明杰，赵慧，孙逸来. 高频声呐换能器梯度匹配层声学特性研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(7): 153-158.
BIAN Jiacong, WANG Yan, LIU Zhenjun, SHEN Mingjie, ZHAO Hui, SUN Yilai. Acoustic characteristics of gradient matching layer of high frequency sonar transducer. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2022, 41(7): 153-158.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I7/153

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