下击暴流作用下超大型冷却塔风场驱动机理与风荷载极值模型

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摘要风荷载是超大型冷却塔结构设计的控制荷载，现行规范风压分布模型均针对良态风气候，缺乏下击暴流等特异风作用下的风场作用机理与风荷载分布模型。采用冲击射流模型和大涡模拟（large eddy simulation ,LES）技术模拟下击暴流三维非定常风场，分析了涡环运动、风速变化等风场特性；再以内蒙金山电厂228 m世界最高冷却塔为例，揭示了处于风场不同径向位置处超大型冷却塔流场特性、风压系数瞬态分布，以及升/阻力系数分布特征，最后与规范良态风作用下的考虑极值风效应的包络风压进行对比分析。研究表明：下击暴流发生过程中会产生一系列径向移动、反向旋转的气流涡环，各径向位置处风速随之呈现波动变化趋势；涡环撞击塔筒在迎风区外表面和背风区内表面形成高压区，在塔筒内部和背风面尾流区形成漩涡；塔筒内外表面时程风压系数脉动趋势明显，底部区域受涡环影响震荡显著；冷却塔升力系数基本为0，层平均阻力系数自塔顶沿塔高方向逐渐增大，在塔底达到最大值；涡环对冷却塔的冲击作用极有可能引起瞬时极值风荷载超出规范良态风限值，进而易引起结构的破坏。
关键词：下击暴流；超大型冷却塔；绕流特性；风压分布；升/阻力系数；极值风荷载

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	韩光全
	柯世堂
	杨杰
	李文杰
	任贺贺

关键词 ：下击暴流, 超大型冷却塔, 绕流特性, 风压分布, 升/阻力系数, 极值风荷载

Abstract：Wind load is the control load for structural design of super-large cooling tower. Existing standard wind load distribution models all focus on normal wind climate. However, it lacks models of wind field action mechanism and wind load distribution under specific wind effects like downburst. Firstly, three-dimensional unsteady wind field of downburst was simulated by the impact jet model and large eddy simulation (LES), and wind field characteristics of vortex ring movement and wind speed changes were analyzed. Secondly, the world-highest cooling tower (228m) in Jinshan Power Plant in Inner Mongolia was chosen for the case study. Flow field characteristics and transient distribution of wind pressure coefficient at different radial positions of the tower in a wind field as well as the time-history distribution characteristics of mean lift/drag coefficient were disclosed. Thirdly, the extreme wind effect was considered under the normal wind. The simulation results and wind pressure of specification envelope were compared and analyzed. Results demonstrated that a series of vortex rings which move radially and rotate counter reversely were produced during the initiation of downburst. Wind speed at different radial positions fluctuated continuously. A high-pressure area was formed on the external windward surface and internal leeward surface when vortex rings impacted onto the tower body. Meanwhile, vortexes were formed inside the tower and wake zone of leeward surface. The time-history wind pressure coefficient on internal and external surfaces showed evident pulsation trend. Besides, there’s a significant oscillation at the bottom zone, which was related with influences of vortex rings. The lift coefficient of the cooling tower was basically 0. The mean drag coefficient of the layer gradually increases from the top of the tower along the height of the tower, and reaches the maximum value at the bottom of the tower. The impact of the vortex ring on the cooling tower is very likely to cause the instantaneous extreme wind load to exceed the normal wind limit of the specification, and then it is easy to cause structural damage.
Keywords: downburst; super-large cooling tower; flow field characteristics; wind pressure distribution;lift/ drag coefficient; extreme wind load

Key words： downburst super-large cooling tower flow field characteristics wind pressure distribution;lift/ drag coefficient extreme wind load

收稿日期: 2021-04-21 出版日期: 2022-11-28

引用本文:

韩光全，柯世堂，杨杰，李文杰，任贺贺. 下击暴流作用下超大型冷却塔风场驱动机理与风荷载极值模型[J]. 振动与冲击, 2022, 41(22): 23-32.
HAN Guangquan，KE Shitang，YANG Jie，LI Wenjie，REN Hehe. Wind field driving mechanism and extreme wind load model of a super-large cooling tower under downburst. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2022, 41(22): 23-32.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I22/23

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