多尺度形态滤波在行星轮轴承故障诊断的应用

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摘要齿轮箱中滚动轴承的故障信号微弱且易受干扰，导致轴承故障特征提取困难。为了提取信号中的微弱故障特征，提出了一种自适应的多尺度广义形态滤波(adaptive multiscale generalized morphological filter, AMGMF)，特有的形态变换在抑制干扰的同时还增强了特征提取能力。首先，针对差值形态算子的滤波缺陷，提出了广义的优化差分算子(generalized enhanced different filter, GEDIF)，并通过幅频特性和脉冲提取特性揭示其滤波特点。其次，由局部信号特征确定扁平结构元素的长度，改进的长度选择方法确保了形态滤波的自适应性和准确性。最后，以特征幅值比(feature amplitude ratio, FAR)分配各尺度的权重，加权重构得到了AMGMF的处理结果。通过仿真信号和行星轮轴承故障信号分析，结果表明AMGMF方法能有效地从复杂信号中分离出故障特征。与单尺度形态滤波、多尺度形态滤波和EEMD对比，AMGMF方法具有一定的优越性。

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	刘志强1
	龚廷恺2
	陈萍3
	石开1

关键词 ：故障诊断, 特征提取, 行星轮轴承, 多尺度广义形态滤波

Abstract：The fault signal of rolling element bearing in gearbox is weak and easy to be interfered, which leads to the difficulty of bearing fault feature extraction. In order to extract the weak fault feature in the signal, an adaptive multiscale generalized morphological filter (AMGMF) is proposed. The morphological transformation can suppress interference and enhance the ability of feature extraction. Firstly, aiming at defects of the difference filter, a generalized enhanced difference filter (GEDIF) is proposed. Amplitude frequency characteristics and pulse extraction characteristics are analyzed to reveal attributes of GEDIF. Secondly, lengths of flat structure elements are determined using local signal characteristics. Improved method of lengths selection can ensure adaptability and accuracy of morphological filter. Finally, weighted coefficients of structure elements are allocated with feature amplitude ratio (FAR). The result of AMGMF is obtained after weighted reconstruction. Through analyses of simulated signal and planetary bearing fault signal, the results show that AMGMF can effectively separate fault features from complex signals. Compared with single scale morphological filter, multiscale morphological filter and EEMD, AMGMF has certain advantages.

Key words： fault diagnosis feature extraction planetary bearing multiscale generalized morphological filter

收稿日期: 2022-03-03 出版日期: 2023-05-28

引用本文:

刘志强1，龚廷恺2，陈萍3，石开1. 多尺度形态滤波在行星轮轴承故障诊断的应用[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(10): 103-111.
LIU Zhiqiang1，GONG Tingkai2，CHEN Ping3，SHI Kai1. Application of multiscale morphological filter in fault diagnosis of planetary bearing. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2023, 42(10): 103-111.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/I10/103

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