考虑结合面接触刚度的机床床身动态特性分析

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摘要床身结合面刚度是影响机床动态特性，进而影响机床加工精度的重要因素之一。为了获得精确的机床动态特性参数，运用接触刚度预测模型识别出了床身结合面的接触刚度并建立了等效动力学模型。首先，建立接触刚度预测模型；其次，通过预测模型识别出两种材料(铸铁和矿物复合材料)床身结合面的接触刚度；然后，利用结合面接触特性参数，基于弹簧单元约束建立有限元模型；最后，对比有限元模态频率和实验模态频率，发现基于弹簧单元约束的有限元模态频率与实验模态频率一致性较好，且该模型对铸铁和矿物复合材料均有效。研究表明考虑结合面接触刚度的机床床身有限元模型更具合理性，可以为分析机床动力学特性和优化机床结构提供理论依据。

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	刘书晟1
	史军2
	孙建宏2
	秦文强3
	曾艳泓3
	张松1

关键词 ：结合面, 接触刚度, 动态特性, 实验模态

Abstract：The stiffness of the joint surface is an important factor that affects the dynamic characteristics and machining accuracy of a machine tool. To accurately determine the dynamic parameters of the machine tool, a prediction model is used to obtain the contact stiffness of the bed joint surface, and an equivalent dynamic model is established. Firstly, the contact stiffness prediction model is developed. Secondly, the prediction model is used to identify the contact stiffness of the joint surface between two materials (cast iron and mineral composite). Thirdly, using the contact characteristic parameters of the joint surface, a finite element model based on spring element constraint is created. Finally, comparing the finite element modal frequency with the experimental modal frequency reveals that the finite element modal frequency, based on the spring element constraint, aligns well with the experimental modal frequency. This indicates that the model is effective for both cast iron and mineral composites. The results demonstrate that incorporating the contact stiffness of the joint surface in the finite element model of the machine tool bed leads to a more reasonable representation. This provides a theoretical foundation for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool and optimizing its structure.

Key words： joint surface contact stiffness dynamic characteristics modal test

收稿日期: 2023-10-31 出版日期: 2024-04-28

引用本文:

刘书晟1，史军2，孙建宏2，秦文强3，曾艳泓3，张松1. 考虑结合面接触刚度的机床床身动态特性分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(8): 310-318.
LIU Shusheng1, SHI Jun2, SUN Jianhong2, QIN Wenqiang3, ZENG Yanhong3, ZHANG Song1. Dynamic characteristic analysis of machine tool bed considering contact stiffness of joint surface. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2024, 43(8): 310-318.

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http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I8/310

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