Abstract: In order to study the failure mechanism and aseismatic performance of high-rise diagonal frame structure, a shaking table test of a high-rise diagonal frame building model with 1/25 scale was carried out. Because the Young modulus of model material varies after it performances nonlinear behavior, Hierarchical similarity relation was used to make the result more accurate. And the dynamic characteristics, acceleration response in different seismic fortification intensity and strain variation in key location of model structure were studied. Meanwhile, the vulnerable segment and the failure reason of model structure were found out. According to the mechanical characteristics and cracking pattern of high-rise diagonal frame structure, the merits and demerits of this kind of building were proposed, which can be served as the suggestions for the selection of material and engineering design of the high-rise diagonal frame building.