For improving the dynamic characteristics of the glass edge grinding machine with long ball screw（3.71m）, and for reducing undesirable effects caused by the grinding vibration, the finite element model (FEM) of grinding wheel carriage was established using the ANSYS parametric design language. And according to the test modal analysis results of grinding wheel carriage, the precision of the established FEM basically met engineering requirement. Then the influence on the dynamic characteristics of grinding wheel carriage by the diameter of ball screw, the fixing board thickness of slide block, the contact surface stiffness of ball screw and bearings, and the working position of grinding wheel carriage was investigated. Finally, the design improvement scheme of grinding wheel carriage of the new generation of glass edge grinding machine is put forward. The feasibility and validity of the optimization design scheme was indicated through the practical applications over 1 year.