For the nonlinearity and nonstationarity of gearbox vibration signals, a multifractal feature extraction approach of fractional time-frequency spectrums based on a Qth order weighted moment structure partition function method was proposed. A fractional S transform with good time-frequency resolution was firstly constructed to obtain fractional time-frequency spectrums of gearbox vibration signals. Then, aiming at the characteristics of fractional time-frequency spectrums, a Qth order weighted moment structure partition function method was designed for multifractal feature extraction of the fractional time-frequency spectrums. The gearbox vibration signals from five states were studied. Experimental results indicate that the fractional time-frequency spectrums of gearbox vibration signals are characterized by multifractal and the extracted multifractal features by the Qth order weighted moment structure partition function method can more effectively describe the multifractal characteristics of fractional time-frequency spectrums.
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