Analysis on the seismic dynamic responses of wind turbine structures on different kinds of soil grounds
LIU Zhongsheng1，LI Chun1,2，YANG Yang1，ZOU Jinhua1
1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093；
2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, Shanghai, 200093
The seismic simulation model for a WindPACT 1.5 MW wind turbine was built up based on the opensourced code FAST and the Wolf’s theory to consider the soilstructure interaction. Nine types of time series of ground acceleration were designed to define the seismic motion based on three different kinds of soils and three different levels of earthquake intensities. By analyzing the structural dynamic responses of the wind turbine under different conditions, it is shown that the influence of earthquake on the blades is weak, and the dynamic behaviors of blades are mainly affected by aerodynamic loads. The towertop displacement and towerbase bending moment increase with the increase of earthquake intensity. Under the same earthquake, there are great differences in the towertop displacement and towerbase moment for different kinds of soil grounds, especially the lateral displacement at the towertop and the pitching torque on the towerbase. The bending moment of the tower is linearly related to the height of the tower and decreases with the height of the tower, and the bending moment and shear force of the tower are the largest at the towerbase. Under the earthquake with eight level fortification intensity, the lateral displacement at the towertop of wind turbine has an increase of 475%, 359%, and 335% for soft soil, still clay soil and rock still soils respectively, compared with the condition without earthquake. This is because the energy dissipated by the damping of soft soil is the smallest,which results in the minimal reduction of tower responses after earthquake. Therefore, the seismic loads must be considered in the case of soft soil.
刘中胜1，杨阳1，李春1,2，邹锦华1. 不同土质风力机塔架地震动态响应分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2018, 37(10): 261-268.
LIU Zhongsheng1，LI Chun1,2，YANG Yang1，ZOU Jinhua1. Analysis on the seismic dynamic responses of wind turbine structures on different kinds of soil grounds. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2018, 37(10): 261-268.
[1] 杨阳，李春，缪维跑，等．基于多目标遗传算法的风力机叶片全局优化设计[J]．机械工程学报，2015，51(14)：192-198．
YANG Yang, LI Chun, MIAO Weipao, et al. Global optimal design of wind turbines blade based on multi-object genetic algorithm[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 51(14): 192-198.
[2] 丁勤卫，李春，叶柯华，等．风波流对多平台阵列浮式风机Spar平台运动特性的影响[J]．农业工程学报，2016，32(21)：23-229．
DING Qinwei, LI Chun, YE Kehua, et al. Effect of wind, wave and current on movement characteristics of array of floating wind turbine Spar platform[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(21): 23-229.
[3] Yang Q, Chen G Q, Zhao Y H, et al. Energy cost and greenhouse gas emissions of a Chinese wind farm[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2011, 5: 25-28.
[4] Li Junfeng, Cai Fengbo, Qiao Liming, et al. 2014 China wind power review and outlook[R]. Chinese Renewable Energy Industries Association, 2014.
[5] 杨阳，李春，缪维跑，等．高速强湍流风况下的风力机结构动力学响应[J]．动力工程学报，2016，36(8)：638-644．
YANG Yang, LI Chun, MIAO Weipao, et al. Dynamic response of wind turbines under high turbulence and high turbulence[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2016, 36(8): 638-644.
[6] 李春，叶舟，高伟，等．现代大型风力机设计原理[M]．上海：上海科学技术出版社，2013．
LI Chun, YE Zhou, GAO Wei, et al. Design principle of modern large - scale wind turbine[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 2013.
[7] 杨阳，李春，缪维跑，等．湍流风场与地震激励联合作用下的风力机结构动力学响应[J]．振动与冲击，2016，34(21)：136-143．
YANG Yang, LI Chun, MIAO Weipao, et al. Structural dynamic responses of a wind turbine under turbulent wind combined with seismic motion[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2016, 34(21): 136-143.
[8] 吴攀．风况特性及地震载荷对风力机性能与结构影响研究[D]．上海：上海理工大学，2014．
WU Pan. Research on wind condition and seismic loads of performance and structure of wind turbine[D]. Shanghai: University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 2014.
[9] 范洪军，金全洲，刘铁英，等．风力机地震响应分析的研究现状与展望[J]．结构工程师，2010，26(6)：155-163．
FAN Hongjun, JIN Quanzhou, LIU Tieying, et al. State of the art in seismic response analysis of wind turbines[J]. Structural Engineers, 2010, 26(6): 155-163.
[10] 贺广零．考虑土-结构相互作用的风力发电高塔系统地震动力响应分析[J]．机械工程学报，2009，45(7)：87-94．
HE Guanglin. Seismic response analysis of wind turbine tower systems considering soil-structure interaction[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2009, 45(7): 87-94.
[11] 曹青，张燎军，汪清．地基基础对风力发电机塔架系统地震响应的影响研究[J]．水力发电学报，2011，30(6)：122-126．
CAO Qing, ZHANG Liaojun, WANG Qing. Study of the effects of foundation on seismic responses for wind turbine tower system[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2011,30 (6): 122-126.
[12] 戴靠山，易立达，刘瑶，等．某风电塔结构基于性能的抗震分析[J]．结构工程师，2015，31(5)：96-102．
DAI Kaoshan, YI Lida, LIU Yao, et al. Performance-based seismic design of a wind turbine tower[J]. Structural Engineers, 2015, 31(5): 96-102.
[13] 季亮，祝磊，叶桢翔．风力发电机组塔架底部地震剪力、弯矩计算方法研究[J]．土木工程学报，2013，46(S1)：298-303．
JI Liang, ZHU Lei, YE Zhenxiang. Seismic calculation methods of base shear and moment for wind turbines[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2013, 46(S1): 298-303.
[14] 祝磊，叶帧翔．风力发电机组的有限元分析及动力特性研究[J]．特种结构，2012，29(5)：30-34.
ZHU Lei, YE Zhenxiang. Finite element analysis and dynamic characteristics of wind turbines[J]. Special Structures, 2012, 29 (5): 30-34.
[15] 宋波，曾洁．风电塔非线性地震动力响应规律与极限值评价[J]．北京科技大学学报，2013，35(10)：1382-1389.
SONG Bo, ZENG Jie. Nonlinear seismic dynamic response and critical value evaluation based on limit states of wind turbine tower structures[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2013, 35(10): 1382-1389.
[16] Prowell I, Veletzos M, Elgamal A, et al. Experimental and numerical seismic response of a 65 kW wind turbine[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2009, 13(8): 1172-1190.
[17] Ishihara T, Sarwar M W. Proceedings of european wind energy conference[C]. The European Wind Energy Association, 2008.
[18] Bazeos N, Hatzigeorgiou G D, Hondros I D, et al. Static, seismic and stability analyses of a prototype wind turbine steel tower[J]. Engineering Structures, 2002, 24(8): 1015~1025.
[19] Lavassas I, Nikolaidis G, Zervas P, et al. Analysis and design of the prototype of a steel 1-MW wind turbine tower[J] Engineering Structures, 2003, 25(8): 1097~1106.
[20] Jonkman J M, Buhl Jr M L. FAST user’s guide[J]. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Technical Report No. NREL/EL-500-38230, 2005.
[21] Laino D J, Hansen A C. User’s guide to the wind turbine aerodynamics computer software AeroDyn[J]. Prepared for NREL Under Subcontract, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Technical Report No. TCX-9-29209-01, 2002.
