基于叠加和频谱分析的电子雷管延期时间研究

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摘要为了确定电子雷管的最佳延期时间，在莲塘超小净距隧道电子-导爆管雷管混合爆破中，通过MATLAB编程对爆破振动波形进行了分析。首先，用四种不同的奇异性检测法对雷管的实际起爆时刻进行了识别，继而从整个波形中截出单孔波形。其次，对截出的每个单孔波形进行线性叠加分析和频谱分析，重点讨论了合成波形振速峰值最小、较小和最大时对应的延期时间和主周期间的联系。研究表明：①对于雷管起爆时刻的识别，小波变换模极大值法和EMD识别法较瞬时能量法和时能密度法精确，但是前两者存在选择最佳变换尺度和IMF主成分分量的主观过程。②合成波形振动峰值最小、较小和最大时对应的延期时间与单孔波形主周期间存在紧密的联系。当延期时间为主周期的0.4~0.7倍、1.4~1.7倍和2.4~2.7倍时，合成波形峰值振速最小或较小，说明错相减振是可行的。当延期时间为主周期的0.9~1.2倍时（除延期时间为1ms的情况外），合成波形峰值振速最大，各单孔波形叠加增强。此次分析中，电子雷管的最佳延期时间确定为6ms。③同一场地同一方向上的单孔波形主频基本不变，而在不同方向上有所不同。

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	龚敏
	石发才
	吴晓东

关键词 ：线形叠加, 频谱分析, 爆破振动, 延期时间, 起爆时刻识别

Abstract：In order to determine the optimal delay time of electronic detonators, the blasting vibration waveform was analyzed with the software MATLAB in hybrid blast of electronic detonators and non-electronic ones of the ultra-small spacing tunnel named Liantang.Firstly, four different singularity detection methods were used to identify the actual initiation detonation time of detonators, respectively and single-hole waveforms were truncated from the entire waveform.Secondly, linear superposition analysis and frequency spectral analysis were performed for each single-hole waveform, and relations between delay time corresponding to the minimum, smaller and maximum vibration velocity peaks of the synthetic waveform and single-hole waveforms’ main period were discussed.The results showed that for initiation detonation time recognition, the maximum wavelet transform modulus method and EMD identification one are more accurate than the instantaneous energy method and the time energy density one be, but the two formers have a subjective process of selecting the optimal transform scale and the principal component of IMFs, respectively; the delay time corresponding to the minimum, smaller and maximum vibration velocity peaks of the synthetic waveform is closely related to the main period of single-hole waveforms; when the delay time is 0.4-0.7 times, 1.4-1.7 times and 2.4-2.7 times of the main period, the vibration velocity peak of the synthetic waveform is the minimum or smaller, so the cross-phase vibration reduction is feasible; when the delay time is 0.9-1.2 times of the main period except the delay time of 1 ms, the vibration velocity peak of the synthetic waveform is the maximum enhanced by the superposition of various single-hole waveforms; the optimal delay time of electronic detonator is 6ms; the main frequency of single hole waveforms acquired at the same site in the same direction is basically unchanged, but different in different directions.

Key words： linear superposition frequency spectrum analysis blasting vibration delay time detonation time identification

收稿日期: 2018-09-20 出版日期: 2019-07-28

引用本文:

龚敏，石发才，吴晓东. 基于叠加和频谱分析的电子雷管延期时间研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2019, 38(15): 134-141.
GONG Min，SHI Facai，WU Xiaodong. Delay time of electronic detonators based on superposition and frequency spectral analysis. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2019, 38(15): 134-141.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2019/V38/I15/134

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