地震荷载作用下新型耗能减震器减震性能分析

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摘要现有的摩擦型耗能减震器当预紧力确定后减震器阻尼力为常数，预紧力小时减震器提供的摩擦阻力小，预紧力大时减震器起滑位移大，小位移工作条件下减震器不耗能。为克服其不足，本文提出一种具有位移放大功能的新型耗能减震器。文章论述了该新型减震器的位移放大原理以及相应的结构设计方案，并对减震器力学性能进行了分析计算，得到了该型耗能减震器的非线性滞回特性曲线。在此基础上，选择了考虑土体—结构相互作用的5层平面钢框架结构、加装现有减震器的减震结构和加装新型减震器的减震结构三种结构体系，应用ADAMS软件对其进行了频遇地震下的时程分析，得到了三种结构体系的楼层层间相对位移、层绝对位移响应峰值。计算结果表明: 1）本文提出的新型减震器可以将位移放大6倍以上，在小预紧力条件下就拥有较大摩擦阻尼力并具有马鞍形滞回曲线特性，在结构小位移条件下仍具有较好的减震效果。2）无论是传统减震结构还是新型减震结构对层间相对位移、层绝对位移都有明显的消减效果；新型减震结构对层间相对位移和层绝对位移的消减效果要优于传统减震结构，且在小位移下这种差距更明显。新型减震结构与原结构相比，层间相对位移幅值、层绝对位移幅值的最大降幅分别达到了55.81%、51.60%；与传统减震结构相比，层间相对位移幅值、层绝对位移幅值的最大降幅分别达到了42.71%、43.38%。本文提出的新型减震器具有良好的力学性能和减震效果，具有较好的应用推广前景。

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	沈国栋
	何芝仙
	时培成

关键词 ：摩擦型耗能减震器, 位移放大, 非线性滞回曲线, 减震结构

Abstract：

There are some disadvantages for the existing frictional energy dissipation shock absorber such as the constant damping force in the fixed pre-tightening force, low energy consumption working in small displacement and bigger frictional damping force in bigger pre-tightening force. To overcome these deficiencies, a new type of energy dissipation shock absorber, which has function of amplifying displacement, was put forward in my study. The principle of displacement amplification and the corresponding structural design scheme of the new shock absorber are discussed in this paper. After the mechanical properties of this new type of shock absorber are calculated, the nonlinear hysteretic characteristic curve is obtained. On this basis, a five-layers planar steel frame structure considered the soil-structure interaction is selected to establish three kinds of structural systems,which are original structure, damping structure with the existing shock absorbers and damping structure with new shock absorbers. The time history of these three systems under frequent earthquakes has been analyzed by ADAMS software. The relative displacement between the layers and the absolute layer displacement response peaks of the three kinds of structural systems are obtained. The calculations show as following: 1) This new type of shock absorber, which has been proposed in this paper, can magnify displacement by more than six times, have a bigger frictional damping force in smaller pre-tightening force and saddle hysteretic characteristic curve. Meanwhile, it still has better damping effect under the condition of small displacement. 2) Both the traditional damping structure and the new damping structure have obvious reduction effect on relative displacement between the layers and the absolute layer displacement. The new damping structure has a better reduction effect on displacement between the layers and absolute displacement of the layers than traditional damping structure, and the difference is more obvious under the condition of small displacement. Compared with the original structure, the maximum decreases of relative displacement between the layers and the absolute layer displacement amplitude are respectively decreased by 55.81% and 51.60%. Compared with the traditional damping structure, the maximum decreases of relative displacement between the layers and the absolute layer displacement amplitude are respectively decreased by 42.71% and 43.38%. The new shock absorber, which was put forward in my study, has good mechanical properties and damping effect, so it has a better prospect of application and popularization.

Key words： friction type energy dissipation shock absorber the displacement amplification nonlinear hysteretic curve damping structure

收稿日期: 2020-05-18 出版日期: 2021-11-15

引用本文:

沈国栋，何芝仙，时培成. 地震荷载作用下新型耗能减震器减震性能分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2021, 40(21): 251-257.
SHEN Guodong, HE Zhixian, SHI Peicheng. Performance analysis of new energy-dissipation shock absorber under earthquake load. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2021, 40(21): 251-257.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2021/V40/I21/251

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