顶部方形开洞对超高层建筑风荷载影响的大涡模拟研究

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摘要顶部开洞是一种有效的超高层建筑气动优化措施，开洞形式和洞口位置对建筑整体风荷载的影响机理还有待进一步研究。采用基于空间平均的大涡模拟方法，考虑来流与洞口方向一致，研究了顶部无开洞（标准方柱）、敞开式和封闭式方形开洞，对湍流边界层风场内方形截面超高层建筑风荷载的影响。首先，将封闭式方形开洞模型风压系数的大涡模拟与风洞试验结果对比，验证了本文数值模拟方法及参数设置的正确性；然后，对比分析了上述无、有顶部开洞及开洞形式的方柱表面平均和脉动风压分布特征，着重从流场角度分析了洞口形式对风荷载的影响机理。结果表明：顶部开洞影响了流动分离点位置、剪切流扩散角度及流动再附现象，洞口的狭管效应使得该处风速急剧增大，其中封闭式开洞更为显著，洞口内加速的气流扰乱了大尺度的涡流，导致涡的能量更加分散，从而减弱了结构表面风压；在顶部洞口边缘处，因流动分离而出现了较大风压值，其中敞开式洞口的背风面存在较为明显的边缘效应；封闭式开洞对减弱洞口局部风压的效果优于敞开式。

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	郑德乾1
	吴俊昊1
	马文勇2
	马志敏3
	潘钧俊4

关键词 ：超高层建筑, 顶部方形开洞, 大涡模拟, 风荷载, 流场机理

Abstract：Top opening is an effective aerodynamic optimization measure for super high-rise buildings, while the influence mechanism of top opening style on the local and overall wind load remains to be investigated. By adopting the spatial-averaged large eddy simulation method, the effects of top opening style on the wind load of three-dimensional square section super high-rise building immersed in turbulence boundary layer, were numerically studied. The inflow wind was consistent with the direction of the opening for all cases, including cylinder model without top opening (i.e., the standard cylinder), the opened and the closed square top opening cylinder models. Firstly, effectiveness of the present numerical simulation method was verified by comparison of the simulated wind pressure coefficients on the closed square top opening model with those of wind tunnel test. Then, distribution characteristics of the mean and fluctuating wind pressure on the building model surface were comparatively analyzed among results of the above cylinder models with & without top opening and the opening style. The influence mechanism of the top opening was discussed from the perspective of the simulated flow field. The results show that the hole at the top affects the position of the flow separation point, the diffusion angle of shear flow and the phenomenon of flow reattachment. The narrow tube effect at the hole makes the wind speed increase sharply, especially the closed hole. The accelerated air flow in the hole disturbs the large-scale vortex, which leads to the more dispersed energy of the vortex, thus weakening the wind pressure on the surface of the structure; At the edge of the top opening, there is a large wind pressure value due to flow separation, and there is an obvious edge effect on the leeward side of the open opening; The effect of closed opening on reducing local wind pressure at the opening is better than that of open opening.

Key words： super high-rise building top square opening large eddy simulation wind load flow field mechanism

收稿日期: 2022-08-04 出版日期: 2023-09-15

引用本文:

郑德乾1,吴俊昊1,马文勇2,马志敏3,潘钧俊4. 顶部方形开洞对超高层建筑风荷载影响的大涡模拟研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2023, 42(17): 52-60.
ZHENG Deqian1, WU Junhao1, MA Wenyong2, MA Zhimin3, PAN Junjun4. Large eddy simulation for effects of square opening at top on wind load of super tall building. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2023, 42(17): 52-60.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/I17/52

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