Using Bridge Dynamic Analysis Program (BDAP), dynamic response of Xuejiaba Fujiang River Bridge was obtained by vehicle-bridge coupling dynamic analysis, which is a railway continuous rigid frame bridge with a main span of 128m in Suining—Chongqing railway line. In order to evaluate the actual dynamic response of a long-span continuous rigid-frame high speed railway bridge and inspect the design method of long-span bridge, dynamic loading test were carried out. The natural vibration and dynamic responses of the bridge structure were tested respectively under the condition that freight train passes by the bridge at different velocities. The test results were compared with the calculated results of the vehicle-bridge coupling dynamic analysis, and indicate that the bridge has favorable vertical and transverse stiffness, and the passing train has some impacting effect on the bridge but not obvious, it is of good safety and comfortable performance.