Abstract: The problem of steel fiber reinforced concrete armor layer resisting conventional projectile penetration is a new task waiting for be settled in the Protective Engineering. In order to investigate the anti-penetration performances of the plain concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) with different steel fiber volume fractions and types, ballistic experiments are performed by using a Φ12.7mm ballistic gun. The impact velocity, maximal penetration depth, crater diameter, targets failure model are obtained. Through dimension analysis, the dimensionless relationships between all parameters which influence the penetration depth of SFRC are acquired with introducing an important factor of SFRC toughness. Regressive analysis of test data is done to obtain the engineering calculating formula for the penetration depth of SFRC based on SFRC toughness. The formula can reflect not only the effect of the material intensity but also the toughness in the penetration process.This formula is applicable for the calculation of penetration depth in the steel fiber concrete and provides important reference significances for practical applications.