重型液压凿岩机双缓冲系统特性分析与实验

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摘要针对当前双缓冲系统特性研究不足，严重制约凿岩机冲击功率提高的现状，考虑岩石动力学特性和应力波的透射与反射，建立以冲击为输入的应力波传递模型，获取了钎头凿入位移和缓冲活塞回弹速度。考虑油液压缩、油液泄漏、阀口压降等因素，建立了包含缓冲活塞、缓冲阀、缓冲蓄能器以及连接管路的双缓冲系统耦合模型。设计现场凿岩实验，同步测试了冲击系统和双缓冲系统腔内压力，验证了数值仿真模型的正确性。在此基础上，分析了双缓冲间隙对缓冲活塞运动规律和一、二级缓冲腔压力变化规律的影响。仿真结果表明，双缓冲间隙存在最优范围，如若设计不当，会影响系统的响应速度，引起极高的压力峰值，甚至造成系统空蚀的发生。

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	耿晓光1
	马威1
	马飞2
	周志鸿2
	龚敏1
	刘玉超2

关键词 ：重型液压凿岩机, 双缓冲系统, 双缓冲间隙, 动态特性, 现场实验

Abstract：In view of poor researches on the characteristic of double damper system, which seriously restricts the rock drill’s power increases. The calculation formulas of drill bit’s chiseling depth and damping piston’s rebound velocity were established based on stress wave theory. The coupling model including damping piston, damping valve, damping accumulator and connecting pipelines was established considering oil compressibility, oil leakage and pressure drop in valve ports. The pressures in impact piston’s front-chamber and rear-chamber, damper system’s primary and secondary chambers were measured, synchronously. The numerical model’s correctness was verified. On the basis, the Influence of double damping clearance on damping piston’s moving law and pressures’ change law in primary and secondary damping chambers was researched. The results showed that double damping clearance had the optimal range. If choose improperly, the response speed would be affected, the pressure in secondary damping chamber would appear extremely high peak and even occurred cavitation erosion.

Key words： heavy hydraulic rock drill double damper system double damping clearance dynamic characteristics field experiment

收稿日期: 2018-08-15 出版日期: 2020-06-15

引用本文:

耿晓光1，马威1，马飞2，周志鸿2，龚敏1，刘玉超2. 重型液压凿岩机双缓冲系统特性分析与实验[J]. 振动与冲击, 2020, 39(12): 227-234.
GENG Xiaoguang1, MA Wei1, MA Fei2, ZHOU Zhihong2, GONG Min1, LIU Yuchao2. Characteristic analysis and experiments of double-damper systems for heavy hydraulic rock drills. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2020, 39(12): 227-234.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2020/V39/I12/227

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