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2020 Vol. 39, No. 14
Published: 2020-07-28

 
1 Acoustic diagnosis method for multiple leakages location in a water transmission pipeline based on iterative recursion
JIAO Jingpin,REN Yubao,WU Bin,HE Cunfu
In view of the leakage location inaccurate problem caused by interaction of leakage noise between each leakage point, research was conducted to realize the location of multiple leakage points of pipeline. A multi - leakage point location method based on iterative recursion was developed. The influence of the threshold signal to noise ratio and iteration termination condition on the performance of the algorithm was studied, and the best input parameters were optimized. Experiments proved that method can be used to estimate the number and position of leakage points in pipeline, its error was less than 1m.This work had provided a feasible solution for the detection and location of multiple leakage points in practical engineering pipelines.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 1-8 [Abstract] ( 351 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1689 KB)  ( 393 )
9 Motion characteristics analysis of a wheel-free self-driving system
LI Guofang,YU Liyang,DING Wangcai,WU Shaopei
A mechanical model of a two-degrees-of-freedom self-driving system with dry friction subject to simple harmonic excitation is established. The motion characteristics of the system are described and analyzed, and the optimal range of system parameter selection is obtained. The study found that in the low frequency region, with the decrease of the excitation frequency , the number of the impact induced by the grazing bifurcation gradually increases until the chatter sequence; In the high frequency, the chaotic motion can be observed; In a complete cycle, the motion of the substrate consists of one or more of three types: sticking motion, forward drive motion, and negative drive motion; the average driving speed of the system is sensitive to changes in the excitation frequency and mass ratio , the friction ratio , clearance and stiffness ratio have relatively weak influence on the system, and the best choice range of mass ratio is ; the maximum average speed of the forward and negative drive of the system occurs in the low frequency region and the small mass ratio; in the high frequency region, the substrate tends to be sticking motion.The research results and methods in this paper can provide some theoretical basis for the design and parameter optimization of the wheel-free self-driving system.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 9-16 [Abstract] ( 209 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2384 KB)  ( 72 )
17 Chaos control of a single-stage spur gear system with backlash based on the OGY method
TIAN Yaping1,XU Lu1,SONG Peijie1,CHU Yandong2
For the chaotic motion of a single-stage gear system with tooth backlash and bearing clearance in some parameter region, the unstable periodic orbit of chaotic attractor was stabilized by improved OGY chaotic control principle. The OGY control for a smooth dynamic system was transformed to a non-smooth multi-dimensional dynamic system by the finite difference method instead of the Jacobi matrix under non-smooth point. And PNF method is used to search the pseudo-fixed points of unstable periodic in chaotic region. The Jacobi matrix and sensitivity column vectors in the improved OGY algorithm were solved according to the dynamic equation and variation form, the periodic orbital interval and transfer characteristics of chaotic attractor were analyzed combined with Poincaré mapping. The simulation results show that the improved OGY control method is also effective for chaos control of multi-dimensional non-smooth gear systems. When the multi-period orbit was continuously controlled, the difficulty of chaos control increases with the increase of the target periodic orbit, and the required parameter perturbation increases correspondingly.
 
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 17-21 [Abstract] ( 142 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1259 KB)  ( 142 )
22 Nonlinear transient on-orbit load analysis of a flexible solar array
ZANG Xu1,2,WU Song2,TANG Guoan1,GUO Qiwei2
The space station solar array is usually flexible cable/membrane structure with large developement area and plenty of mechanism links. It is necessary to establish a fine finite element model, and analyze the transient deformation and stress under high strength on-orbit load conditions. By using the mechanical properties of the Gap element, the inverted Gap elements is used as the connecting unit between the flexible substrate and the storage boxe. Several problems such as pretigthening force on flexible substrate, simulation of discontinuous tension and compression stiffness of the cable, elastic deformation offset of the storage boxe are solved in one stroke. The results of transient shear force and bending moment of improtant companents of solar array are obtained successfully, which provides important decision basis for product design. The results also show that there are significant shortcomings in the application of linear model to this promlem.
 
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 22-28 [Abstract] ( 149 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1906 KB)  ( 185 )
29 Influences of the layout scheme of particle dampers on its vibration control effect
WANG Jin1,2,XU Weibing2,YAN Weiming2,CHENG Shaoge1,SHI Tiehua1
In order to clear the influence law of the layout scheme of particle damper on its control effect for building structures, a 1/30-scale reinforced concrete frame model was taken as the research object, a kind of particle damper connected to the scaled model rigidly to reduce the vibration of the model was designed and manufactured, the layout scheme of particle dampers were designed according to the shock absorption requirement of the tested model, and the influence of the layout position and the number of the dampers on the control effect was analyzed through a series of shaking table tests. The results show that the root mean square displacement response and peak displacement response of the structure where there is a particle damper are both decreased, and the particle damper designed in this paper has a good control effect. The layout position of the particle damper has significant impact on the control effect, particle dampers should be placed on the place where the displacement response is larger, reasonable layout scheme of the particle damper can effectively reduce the torsion response of the structure. The vibration control effect on the displacement response increase with the number of particle damper increasing. In other words, considering with the available additional mass ratio range applied to building structures, the control effect increase with the additional mass ratio of the particle damper increasing.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 29-35 [Abstract] ( 250 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1501 KB)  ( 137 )
36 Comparative study on the anti-galloping effect of three types of TMDs for iced multi-bundled conductors
LOU Wenjuan,LIANG Hongchao,WEN Zuopeng
The equations of bundled conductor attached with either vertical, torsional or vertical-torsional coupled tuned mass damper were established based on the experimental verified 3 DOF conduct equations. Torsional and vertical-torsional coupled tuned mass damper were proposed to prevent galloping, and compared with the vertical tuned mass damper. The galloping wind velocity of conductor-damper system was calculated applying Lyapunov's first stability theorem. The galloping wind velocity was verified by solving the equations applying Newmark-Beta method. The galloping amplitude of an D-shaped 6- bundled conductor section model was calculated at each wind attack angle, and the170 degree wind attack angle which has the largest galloping amplitude, was chosen as the target attack angle and the optimization objective was improving the galloping wind speed of the target attack angle, the parameters of tuned mass dampers were optimized, the effects of the dampers on the galloping wind velocity under the optimal parameters were studied and compared at different wind attack angles. The results show: vertical tuned mass damper decreases the galloping wind speed at the attack angle from 10 to 20 degree; torsional tuned mass damper increases the galloping wind speed to more than 10 m/s at 0 ~40 degree wind attack angle; vertical-torsional coupled tuned mass damper has a better effect on improving the galloping wind speed.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 36-42 [Abstract] ( 283 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1358 KB)  ( 165 )
43 Theoretical and experimental study on the longitudinal vibration of sand-filled nodular pipe piles in bidirectional inhomogeneous soil
LIU Xin1,2,WANG Kuihua1,2,TU Yuan1,2
Sand-filled nodular pipe pile is a new type of composite pile foundation, which bears the upper load by combination of nodular pipe pile, sand-filled layer around the pile and foundation soil. Based on the axisymmetric viscoelastic soil model considering vertical wave effect, the dynamic response of this pile foundation is studied. Firstly, fictitious soil pile model is used to simulate the supporting function of soil at the pile bottom, and media around the pile is stratified at radial and longitudinal directions. Then interfacial contact stress between the pile and media around the pile is deduced by continuous conditions, and analytical solution of impedance as well as semi-analytical solution of velocity response in time domain at the pile top is calculated according to the Laplace Transform and impedance transfer function. Afterwards the effects of parameters of sand-filling layer and nodular parts are discussed. Finally, the theoretical calculation curve is compared with the measured curve in field test, whose results show that theoretical curve is in good agreement with the measured curve and the proposed model can reflect the dynamic response of sand-filled pipe pile under actual working conditions. The results have some value for theoretical research and engineering application related to longitudinal vibration of sand-filled nodular pipe pile.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 43-52 [Abstract] ( 167 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1599 KB)  ( 59 )
53 Real-to-complex-transformation parameter estimation algorithm for damped real-value sinusoidal signals
CHEN Peng1,TU Yaqing1,SHEN Yanlin2,MOU Zelong1,LI Ming1
To suppress the influence of negative frequency component of a damp real-value sinusoidal signal on parameter estimation, a real-to-complex-transformation parameter estimation algorithm is proposed. First, the index number bin of spectrum of sampled signal with the highest magnitude is pre-estimated. Second, the reference signal that only contains negative frequency component is constructed, and the real-value signal is converted into a complex-value signal by subtracting the reference signal form the sampled signal to suppress the spectrum leakage influence of the negative frequency component. Then, the coarse frequency offset, damping factor and complex amplitude are estimated by a two-point spectrum interpolation algorithm, and the reference signal and the complex signal are rebuilt. Finally, the signal parameters, i.e. frequency, damping factor, initial amplitude and initial phase are obtained by an iterative procedure. The results of simulation experiments for frequency estimation indicate that the proposed method can eliminate the influence of negative frequency component, improve estimation accuracy under medium or high SNRs, especially, the signal frequency is low, and improves the overall performance of frequency estimation. Moreover, the measurement experiments are performed on Coriolis mass flowmeter, and the efficacy of the proposed method is validated.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 53-58 [Abstract] ( 195 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1041 KB)  ( 123 )
59 Bearing fault diagnosis based on the synchrosqueezed S transform and ensemble deep ridgelet auto-encoder
DU Xiaolei1,2,CHEN Zhigang1,2,WANG Yanxue1,2
Aiming at the problems of traditional fault diagnosis algorithms of rolling bearings having such shortcomings as largely dependent on expert prior knowledge and difficulty in fault feature extraction, a method based on synchrosqueezed S transform (SSST) and ensemble deep ridgelet auto-encoder (EDRAE) was proposed. Firstly, the vibration signals were transformed by SSST to get time-frequency images. Then time-frequency images were compressed by two-directional two dimensional principal components analysis (TD-2DPCA). Secondly, different ridgelet auto-encoders (RAEs) with different ridgelet functions were designed. Then, different deep ridgelet auto-encoders (DRAEs) with different RAEs were designed and a "cross-layer" connection was introduced to alleviate gradient disappearance of DRAEs. Finally, the compressed images were input into each DRAE for unsupervised pre-training and supervised fine-tuning, and the recognition result was given by the weighted averaging method. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the bearing faults under multiple working conditions and multiple fault severities. The proposed method has better ability of feature extraction and recognition than artificial neural network, deep belief network, deep auto-encoder and so on.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 59-68 [Abstract] ( 163 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1920 KB)  ( 146 )
69 Acoustic performance of a micro-staggered structure
JIANG Congshuang,LI Xianhui,XING Tuo
Now, the theory of micro-perforated plate (MPP) and micro-slitted plate (MSP) is mature and the applications are widespread. However, the theory is constructed based on thin plate, which refines the applications in typical engineering. Micro-staggered structure (MSS) is a combination of MPP and MSP, which is made by overlapping and staggering two layers of plates. Each layer is constituted by arranging an array of strip-shaped sheets separated by a certain space. Micro slits are formed at between those strip-shaped sheets and micro apertures are constructed at intersection of those micro slits. The micro slits are open to the air completely on one side but blocked largely by the sheets on the other side. The micro apertures are just a layer of cross contour taken shape by the two layers of plates and its geometrical thickness equals to zero. Thermoviscous acoustics simulation of MSS is conducted. A good agreement of acoustic impedance and sound absorption coefficient is achieved between simulated results and the experimental data. The simulation shows that the maximum pressure gradient and particle velocities are on the cross contour and the concentration of thermal-viscous energy loss is taking place at the boundary of the cross contour. It also demonstrates the effect of plate thickness on acoustic performance of MSS is much less than that of MPP and MSP, which help to achieve good acoustic properties on a thick plate.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 69-74 [Abstract] ( 143 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2023 KB)  ( 62 )
75 Interval combination method of time domain finite element analysis for gyroscopic systems
SUI Yongfeng1,2,3,4,PAN Huibin1,3,4,SUI Yi3,4,ZHONG Wanxie2
Based on the variational principle, time domain finite element method of gyroscopic systems is presented and applied to gyroscopic rotor dynamics. The corresponding trial function matrix, element stiffness matrix and inhomogeneous force are given. The interval combination method of time domain FEM is subsequently proposed which has higher efficiency. This method inherits the property of symplectic conservation and enhances computational accuracy. The examples comparing the numerical results obtained from different methods: time domain FEM and Newmark method demonstrate the advantages of time domain FEM.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 75-79 [Abstract] ( 169 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1374 KB)  ( 82 )
80 Experimental study on the blasting dynamic caustics under different charge weight based on the fractal theory
YANG Renshu1,2,XIAO Chenglong1,3,CHEN Cheng1,3,DING Chenxi1,3,ZHENG Changda1,3,ZHAO Yong1,3,ZHAO Zhiwei1,3
In order to study the effect of charge on the crack propagation behavior of the crack, a dynamic caustic experiment system was used to study the expansion law of cracks in different charges. Based on the calculation principle of box-counting dimension, the MATLAB program is written to calculate the fractal dimension of the crack. Researches show that: (1) The propagation of cracks have two stages, stage I (0 ~ 114.3μs) is the effect of explosive stress wave and explosive gas on the crack tip, at the moment of crack initiation, the expansion speed reaches a peak and then rapidly decreases; stage II (114.3μs ~ crack arrest) ,the crack propagation speed continues to increase under the action of the reflected stress wave on the crack tip. (2) Crack growth rate peak、dynamic stress intensity factor peak、area of crushing area、fractal dimension of crack is positively correlated with the charge. (3) Through the regression analysis and Linear fitting, the linear relationship between the crack propagation velocity and the fractal dimension of the crack propagation trajectory is obtained. The evolution of the same crack propagation velocity conforms to the fractal law.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 80-86 [Abstract] ( 153 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1623 KB)  ( 326 )
87 Analysis on the influence of compact rectangular array parameters on laser-based Lamb wave imaging
LIU Zenghua,MA Chunlei,CHEN Honglei,HE Cunfu,WU Bin
Laser ultrasonic technology has the advantages of non-contact and high inspection efficiency. It has been widely concerned in the field of nondestructive testing. In this paper, the characteristic of high spatial resolution of laser ultrasound technology is fully used. Defect detection in plate is carried out by the combination of compact rectangular array and laser-based Lamb wave technology. The continuous wavelet transform is used to process the wide-band Lamb wave signal with low time-domain resolution, which can obtain a narrow-band signal with high time-domain resolution at a given frequency. The linear mapping compensation technology is used to eliminate the dispersion in the narrow-band signal. Obtained signals after dispersion compensation are used for defect imaging. Finally, dispersion compensation signals are processed by combining with the amplitude imaging technique and the sign coherence factor imaging technique, and then defect imaging and location is achieved in the aluminum plate. Based on this, the effect of element spacing and number on beam steering and quality of defect imaging of compact rectangular array are analyzed. When the number of array elements is 16 and the array element spacing is one wavelength of Lamb wave mode, the width of the main lobe is narrow and there are no grating lobes, the defect imaging quality improved effectively.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 87-93 [Abstract] ( 109 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1323 KB)  ( 145 )
94 Numerical simulation on the deformation-cracking process of rectangular tunnel surrounding rock under different impact velocities
WANG Xuebin1,2,TIAN Feng2,BAI Xueyuan2,GUO Xiang2
Using a continuum-discontunuum method where the Lagrangian element method and deformational discrete element method were combined, deformation-cracking processes of the rectangular tunnel surrounding rock under different impact velocities was modeled numerically. When stresses acting on rock elements satisfy the shear failure criterion, the stress drop in the form of brittleness was considered, in which the confining pressure remains constant. To validate the present method, the deformation-cracking process of a rock specimen in uniaxial compression was modeled numerically. It is found from results of the rectangular tunnel surrounding rock that: 1) at lower impact velocities, load-displacement curves of the surrounding rock exhibit a single peak, while at higher impact velocities they exhibit several peaks; 2) at lower impact velocities, the failure of the surrounding rock is progressive, while it is intermittent at higher impact velocities, which is related to the fact that the previous arch fails during the impact process and a new larger arch is formed; 3) at the same vertical displacement of the surrounding rock, the cracking depth of two sides of the surrounding rock is larger at lower impact velocities than at higher impact velocities, indicating a relatively uniform stress propagation at lower impact velocities. Results (for example, rock blocks in V-shape notches are squeezed into the tunnel) at lower impact velocities are similar to rib spalling of two sides of the surrounding rock, while results (such as ejections of rock blocks) at higher impact velocities are similar to rockbursts.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 94-101 [Abstract] ( 164 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1418 KB)  ( 162 )
102 Method for identifying the nonlinearity of a helicopter tail drive shaft system based on frequency response functions
SHAN Weidong1,ZANG Chaoping1,ZHANG Genbei1,WANG Ping2,ZOU Yachen2,NI De2
A method for identifying nonlinear modal parameters of the tail drive shaft system of a helicopter based on the tested frequency response functions was proposed.Using the linear modal analysis and in accordance with the response amplitude linearization theory, the nonlinear modal parameters of the tail drive shaft system were identified by the stepped sine sweep test in order to obtain the frequency response functions at different excitation levels.The results show that the first-order natural frequency of the tail drive shaft system decreases by about 2%, while the damping ratio increases by about 1.5 times, as the amplitude of the excitation force increases.Multiple sets of test analyses were performed under the same state and the results are consistent.The approach for identifying the modal parameters of the nonlinearity of the tail drive shaft system lays a foundation for further research on the dynamic characteristics of the helicopter tail drive shaft system.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 102-108 [Abstract] ( 146 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1695 KB)  ( 150 )
109 Experimental study on the aerodynamic characteristics of a rectangular cylinder with the width/height ratio of 10
YANG Jing1,XU Fuyou1,ZENG Donglei2
For a rectangular cylinder with the width/height ratio of 10, a series of wind tunnel tests with synchronous surface pressure measurement were carried out to investigate the mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and correlation coefficient of pressure coefficients under different wind speeds, different initial angles of attack, and different torsional amplitudes.The nonlinear and non-Gaussian distribution characteristics of self-excited forces under large torsional vibration were analyzed.The results indicate that, the mean and standard deviation of pressure coefficients are mainly determined by the initial angle of attack and vibration amplitude, and the influence of wind speed can be neglected.With the increase of vibration amplitude, the separation of airflow is enhanced and the positions of airflow reattachment move to downstream.The pressure correlations enhance with the increasing of torsional amplitude and wind speed.The higher-order harmonic components of the self-excited torsional moment are mainly caused by airflow separation and reattachment.The ratios of higher-order harmonic components increase with the increasing of torsional amplitude.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 109-115 [Abstract] ( 148 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2103 KB)  ( 62 )
116 Flow-induced noise of a high pressure drop control valve
LI Shuxun1,2,KANG Yunxing1,2,MENG Lingqi1,2,PAN Weiliang1,2,ZHANG Wannian1,2,LIU Taiyu1,2
The high noise that occurs during the operation process of high-parameter control valves in special working conditions is one of the important issues that must be considered in the valve’s parametric design and optimization design.Based on the flow-induced theory, the RNG k-ε  method and BEM were jointly used to simulate and study the influences of elements parameters of a multi-stage steam trap on the sound pressure, distribution and spectrum characteristics of flow induced noises.The results show that the throttling zones, where the pressure pulsation is the strongest, are the main sound source of flow-induced noise; the flow induced noises in the control valves with different sleeve structure parameters; are all of distinct broad spcetrum characteristics; the sound pressure level (SPL) of the noise rises as the sleeve diameter increases, which means that the sleeve with smaller diameter could curb the flow-induced noise better; the SPL decreases first and then  increase as the sleeve clearance increases, when the sleeve clearance is 8 mm, the SPL reaches its minimum 51.02 dB(A).
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 116-121 [Abstract] ( 129 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1298 KB)  ( 92 )
122 Safety assessment and control of blasting vibration based on the probability theory
WANG Linfeng1,2,DENG Bingjie1,2,MO Qu2,3,ZHAO Jingfu4,XIAO Hongguang4
The prediction of blasting vibration speed and vibration safety control are always the focus of attention in blasting construction.A basic formula was selected as the blasting vibration velocity prediction model, and the parameters K,a,b  were solved based on the principle of least square method.Considering the randomness of blasting vibration, the relative error of blasting vibration velocity (REBVV) was defined.Assuming that the REBVV obeys the normal distribution with the mean value of 0, the distribution model of blasting vibration velocity was deduced by virtue of the transferability of the normal distribution.To improve the utilization ratie of measured data, the relative error variance of generalized blasting vibration velocity was proposed to replace the relative error variance of blasting vibration velocity.By introducing the concept of confidence level in the probability theory, a safety control and evaluation model of blasting vibration was established.Taking the confidence level as 95%, based on the established safety control and evaluation model, suggestions about the blasting construction safety for key controlled sections of the project were provided.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 122-129 [Abstract] ( 135 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1053 KB)  ( 72 )
130 Crack formation mechanism of concrete with an initial crack under hydraulic impacting
LIU Jialiang1,2,3,ZHANG Di2,DU Shujian2,WANG Haiyang2,3
In order to explore the breaking mechanism of concrete with initial cracks under hydraulic impacting, a numerical model was established based on the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), and the evolution process of concrete crushed in the crack area was quantitatively investigated by using the image processing technology.The results show that at the weak influence zone of an initial crack, the water hammer effect causes shear fracture in concrete on liquid-solid contact boundaries, resulting in a bowl-shaped crushing pit.At the strong influence zone of the initial crack, cracks nearby the upper tip of the initial crack are induced by combined effects of the compression-shear stress on liquid-solid contact boundaries and the stress concentration at the upper zone of the initial crack.Then synergistic actions of the water wedge and concrete wedge effects, combined with the stress concentration at the lower zone of the initial crack produce the cracks nearby the lower tip of the initial crack.Conical cracks are caused by the superimposed stress waves reflecting on free boundaries and on the initial crack.The degree of concrete crushing decreases along the water jet axis direction with different attenuation rate, indicating that the initial crack has significant blocking effect and strong interference action on the evolution of concrete crushing.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 130-135 [Abstract] ( 196 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1660 KB)  ( 106 )
136 Distribution of added masses for structures vibrating in a still fluid field
SUN Xufeng
When a structure vibrates in a still fluid field, the distribution pattern of added masses can crucially affect its vibration character, especially for light and thin structures.Yet till now, few study has been done on the explicit distribution pattern of the added mass.Based on the  three-dimensional boundary element method, a simple numerical method considering proper Dirichlet and Neumann conditions was proposed.The method can figure out the explicit distribution of the added mass for vibrating structures with arbitrary given mode in an incompressible single-phase still fluid field.Numerical examples show that the results of the method agree well with the theoretical solution and experimental values, so it can be well applied to the analysis of the added mass distribution for very complex structures vibrating in bounded or unbounded still fluid fields.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 136-141 [Abstract] ( 135 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1294 KB)  ( 50 )
142 Free vibration characteristics analysis on a rectangular plate with multiple cutouts
ZHANG Jun1,2,3,LI Tianyun1,2,3,ZHU Xiang1,2,3
Based on the Rayleigh Ritz method, the free vibration characteristics of a rectangular plate with multiple cutouts were studied.Various boundary conditions of the structure were simulated by using springs with variable stiffness.The improved Fourier series was selected as an admissible function.A numerical method was introduced to calculate the strain energy, kinetic energy and elastic potential energy for the structures with more complex shapes and also for saving computing time.According to the energy functional variational principle, the characteristic equation of the vibration system was obtained, and the natural frequency was obtained by solving the characteristic equation.The accuracy of the proposed method was verified by comparing the results of numerical examples with the results of finite element method.The results provide a reference to practical engineering problems.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 142-147 [Abstract] ( 122 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1118 KB)  ( 81 )
148 Dynamic response and running safety evaluation of a strengthened embankment-train system during earthquake
YANG Xun 1,LOU Yunfeng 2, SHI Yazhou 3,CHEN Rong 4, JIN Xianlong 5
Taking a subgrade line and the running train as research objects, a finite element model of the train-embankment-soil dynamic coupling system was established taking account of the nonlinear material behavior of soil, the viscous-spring artificial boundary, and the dynamic contact between structures.The Drucker-Prager material model was adopted and modified.Making use of the penalty function, the vertical contact interface and the lateral contact interface between the wheel and the rail surface were considered as automatic surface-to-surface contact.The seismic responses of the embankment foundation before and after reinforcement were analyzed.The influence of residual deformation after earthquake on the derailment safety of the running train was discussed.The results show that the dynamic responses of the train and the safety of running train subjected to earthquake are significantly affected by the reinforcement of soft subgrade.After strengthening, the derailment factor, the offload ratio, and the acceleration of the vehicle body are significantly reduced.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 148-155 [Abstract] ( 123 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1856 KB)  ( 80 )
156 Vbration & acoustic response characteristics of a stiffened plate stimulated by turbulent boundary layer wall pressure fluctuation
XU Jiaqi,MEI Zhiyuan,LI Huadong,ZHOU Zhenlong
While transportation vehicles such as ships,auto-mobiles and airplanes travel fast,the inward sound radiated by their outer surface vibration would become a vital part of the self-noise,this kind of vibration is induced by turbulent boundary layer wall pressure fluctuation.Structural vibration responses were calculated based on the modal summation.The Corcos model was used to estimate the power spectra of the turbulent boundary layer wall pressure fluctuation in the calculation of the vibration and inward sound radiation of a simply supported plate stimulated by outer air or water flow turbulent boundary layer.The calculation results fit well with analytical and experimental ones,which proves the validity of the method.Moreover, an improved Corcos model was used to estimate once more the power spectra,and the vibration and inward sound radiation characteristics of the simply supported plate stimulated by outer water flow turbulent boundary layer were investigated.The results indicate that, attributing to the low Mach number of the water flow,the convective wave number of wall fluctuating pressure is far greater than the plate structure flexural wave number,thus the stimulation caused by the convective ridge of the wave number-frequency spectra of wall fluctuating pressure could be neglected.Span-wise or stream-wise stiffeners do little effect on plate velocity auto-spectra.Decreasing the panel aspect ratio and properly increasing the panel stream-wise length would cause evident decrease on the plate radiated sound power above 2 000 Hz.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 156-163 [Abstract] ( 148 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1847 KB)  ( 105 )
164 Characteristic analysis and experiment on a new type of speed regulating loop using a force couple type radial piston motor
WEN Desheng,LIU Xiaoxue,SUI Guangdong,FENG Peikun,TIAN Shanheng,WANG Shaopeng
In view of the limited speed range of the volume speed control loop with a set of variable pump-quantitative motor and the complex structure of the speed control loop with a set of variable pump-variable motor, a new constant torque speed regulation loop using a force couple type radial piston motor was put forward.The radial forces on the output shaft of the motor were balanced, and the torque was output by the force couple.Two motors, one internal and one external, were formed in one motor shell.Under the condition of constant input pressure and flow rate, three kinds of torques and rotational speeds can be output through different distribution modes, which can well meet the needs of various working conditions.The three-stage constant torque speed regulating loop has different dynamic characteristics under three working modes, and the internal motor has good dynamic characteristics when it works alone.The AMESim software was used to simulate and analyze the new speed control loop using the force couple type radial motor.The results prove that the new speed control loop can increase the speed and torque range of the system and enrich the application field of the force couple type radial motor.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 164-170 [Abstract] ( 144 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1775 KB)  ( 54 )
171 Experiment and numerical simulation study on the near-field underwater explosion of aluminized explosive
SUN Yuanxiang, TIAN Junhong, ZHANG Zhifan, SHI Mingbiao
The application of aluminized explosive to underwater explosion can enhance the brisance and damage capability of underwater weapons significantly.The near-field underwater explosion experiments of aluminized explosive RL-F and TNT were carried out using PVDF pressure sensors based on the electrical measurement method.Meantime, the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method was used for numerieal simulation.The numerical results agree well with the experimental and empirical ones.The results show that the CEL method can be used to simulate the propagation process of near-field underwater explosion shock wave of TNT and aluminized explosive accurately if reasonable boundary conditions, calculation parameters and finite element model are adopted.The near-field underwater shock wave pressure attenuation of aluminized explosive is slower than that of TNT.The approximate regression formulas for the peak pressure of near-field underwater explosion shock wave of TNT within 6 times of charge radius as well as of aluminized explosive in a certain distance range were obtained by fitting the simulation results.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 171-178 [Abstract] ( 238 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1576 KB)  ( 89 )
179 Comparative analysis of environmental vibration characteristics in different regions of a metro depot
FENG Qingsong1,WANG Ziyu1,LIU Quanmin1,LUO Xinwei2,LUO Kun1,LI Jiyang1
The environmental vibration characteristics in different regions of a metro depot, such as the testing line area, the throat area and the repairing line were analyzed.The attenuation of the ground vibrations caused by three types of vibration sources were summarized, and the discrete characteristics of different sets of test data were compared by the statistical method.The environmental evaluation for each area in the metro depot was carried out.The results show that the main frequency of the ground vertical vibration in the testing line area is 60—80 Hz, that in the throat area is 50—60 Hz, and that in the repairing line area is 20—40 Hz.From the Z vibration level fitting curve for each working condition, it is found that the strength of the ballast foot vibration caused by train loads in the testing line area is the largest, followed by that in the throat area and that in the repairing line area is the lowest.In the throat area, compared to the track with concrete sleepers, the ground vibration of the track with polyurethane sleepers increases obviously and its attenuation rate is rather slower, consequently, the track structure and ballast bed should be optimized for vibration reduction.According to the criterion GB 10070-88, in the testing line area, the vibration level of the ground at a distance of within 5 m from the vibration source exceeds the limit; in the throat area, the vibration level of the ground at a distance of within 10 m from the vibration source exceeds the limit; in the repairing line area, the vibration level of the ground further than 2.5 m distant from the vibration source meets the limit requirement.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 179-185 [Abstract] ( 251 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2836 KB)  ( 100 )
186 Viscosity reduction analysis of the sliding mode control of a drill string system with a torsional vibration tool
TIAN Jialin,ZHOU Siqi,YANG Yinglin
In the deep hard formation drilling field, the application of a torsional vibration tool has the effect of rock breaking and stick slip inhibiting, however, the study on the corresponding viscosity reduction mechanism and control mechanism has not yet been well provided.On the basis of a drill string system model with the torsional vibration tool, the effect of viscosity reduction of the stick-slip control method was studied.Two sliding mode control methods, U 1 and U 2, were designed.Making use of the control equations and giving proper parameters, the viscosity reduction effect and the stability of the two control modes were analyzed.The results show that both sliding mode control methods can effectively control the stick-slip vibration of the drill string.By comparing the control performance and robustness of the two controllers under different conditions, it is found the sliding mode control U 2 has better overall control performance and stronger robustness, which is beneficial to improve the stability and reliability of the drill string system.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 186-193 [Abstract] ( 95 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1868 KB)  ( 145 )
194 Optimal stiffener layout design for plate and shell structures under dynamic load based on the adaptive growth method
DONG Xiaohu,DING Xiaohong
The adaptive growth method (AGM) based on the growth fractal mechanism of branch systems in nature is a high-efficiency topology optimization method.The equivalent static load method (ESLM) was introduced to solve the dynamic response topology optimization of plate and shell structures under dynamic load.According to the boundary conditions of dynamic load, a mathematical model for the dynamic mobility optimization was established, and an iteration formula was derived.The stiffeners connected with the “seeding” was able to either grow or degenerate along the direction of the best overall mechanical property, and an optimum stiffeners layout was obtained finally.The results show that the main layout of stiffeners is the same under either static or dynamic loads.However, some small stiffeners are formed, which are close to the loading point and parallel to the main stiffeners, so as to more favorably transfer and share the load.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 194-200 [Abstract] ( 116 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2007 KB)  ( 77 )
201 Two-dimensional scattering of elastic waves by periodic distribution irregularities in an elastic full space
BA Zhenning1,2,GAO Xu1,LIANG Jianwen1,2
A periodic indirect boundary element method (PIBEM) based on the dynamic Green’s functions of uniformly distributed loads was used to study the scattering and diffraction of plane P- waves and SV-waves by periodically distributed irregular bodies in a full-space.By virtue of the fact that the dynamic responses around each of the canyons along the x-axis has the particular feature of repeating themselves with a certain delay of phase in frequency domain, the effort can be reduced to discretize and solve only a single irregular body.Compared with the method of truncating a finite number of irregular bodies for approximate solution, the method proposed in this paper has the advantages of higher precision and greater memory reduction.The accuracy of the method was verified by comparing its degenerated results with published results.Numerical calculations were performed for the periodically distributed cavities and cavities with media in frequency domain and the influences of the cavity shape, spacing and stiffness of media on the vibration-isolating effect were discussed.The numerical results show that the displacement amplitude in the case of periodically distributed cavities is different from that in the case of multiple cavities, and the difference is significant at low frequency, indicating that it is difficult to obtain accurate solutions by truncating a finite number of cavities.Among three kinds of shaped cavities, the periodically distributed circular cavities have the best vibration-isolating effect, and the periodically distributed triangular cavities have the worst.The principle of periodically distributed cavities is different from that of periodically distributed cavities with media, the later consumes the energy of seismic waves to reduce earthquake effect, while the former blocks seismic waves to reduce earthquake.The vibration-isolating effect of periodically distributed cavities with flexible media is better than that of periodically distributed cavities with rigid media.

2020 Vol. 39 (14): 201-213 [Abstract] ( 101 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4110 KB)  ( 138 )
214 Experimental aseismic investigation on a two-story self-centering structure equipped with butterfly-shaped steel plate shear walls
SUN Yukang,LI Qicai,ZHANG Ping,DING Zhichang,WANG Wei
In order to investigate the seismic performance of a self-centering steel frame in-filled with butterfly-shaped steel plate walls, seven one-bay  two-story large-scale structure specimens subjected to cyclic loading were tested.Based on the test results, the effects of the height to thickness ratio, height to width ratio of plate walls, the number of butterfly link stories of plate walls and the initial prestress on the load-carrying capacity, hysteretic behavior, energy-dissipation capacity and self-centering ability of specimens were studied.The experimental results show that the load-carrying capacity and energy-dissipation capacity of specimens are augmented with the increase of height to thickness and height to wide ratios of the plates.However, due to the increase of height to thickness ratio of the plates, the residual deformation of specimens increases obviously, while the height to width ratio of the plates has ignorable effect on it.The specimens with two link stories of in-filled plates are of larger load-carrying capacity and greater permanent deformation with an advantage of earlier energy-dissipation behavior of plates, but the final amount of consumed energy is identical.Besides, for those specimens with relatively larger prestress in strands, more robust load-carrying capacity, weaker energy-dissipation behavior and smaller residual deformation are observed.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 214-223 [Abstract] ( 156 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4603 KB)  ( 39 )
224 Adaptive multi-scale method for the non-linear dynamic feature extraction of mechanical vibration signals
LIU Min1, FAN Hongbo1, ZHANG Yingtang1, LI Zhining1, YANG Wangcan2
Aiming at the fault feature extraction of mechanical vibration signals, a feature extraction method based on the independent variational mode decomposition(VMD) and multi-scale nonlinear dynamic parameters was put forward.The spectral cyclic coherence coefficient was proposed to select the matching waveform which was used to complete the endpoint extension for the mechanical vibration signal.The extended signal was decomposed into some intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) in different frequency scales by using the VMD.The effective IMFs were selected according to the cross-correlation criterion and the independent components with effective frequency band were separated from the effective IMFs by using the kernel independent component analysis.The composite multi-scale fuzzy entropy partial mean of each independent IMF was calculated.The orthogonal transform was used to orthogonalize independent IMFs to construct a multi-dimensional hyperbody, and its volume was used to define and calculate the dual measure fractal dimension of the vibration signal.Thereby,the multi-scale nonlinear dynamic parameters were obtained to achieve mechanical fault diagnosis.The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress the end effect and mode mixing in the VMD,which improves the effect of signal decomposition; the feature parameters have higher classification accuracy, which greatly improves the accuracy of mechanical fault diagnosis.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 224-232 [Abstract] ( 165 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2482 KB)  ( 120 )
233 Dynamic model for the nonlinear hysteresis of metal rubber based on the fractional-order derivative
CHANG Yujian1, TIAN Wowo1, CHEN Enli2, SHEN Yongjun2, XING Wuce2
The stress-strain characteristic of metal rubber components appears as a nonlinear hysteretic curve.Most of the existing dynamic models for metal rubber are described by multi-parameter and piecewise functions, increasing the complexity of the system.Making use of the fractional-order derivative which has been applied to the description of the memory characteristics of various materials and processes, a viscoelastic constitutive model for metal rubber with the fractional-order derivative was established through analyzing the composition of the elastic restoring force and the damping force of metal rubber.On this basis, a nonlinear dynamic system model for metal rubber was founded.The restoring force of a typical metal rubber vibration isolation system was analyzed through sinusoidal displacement loading experiments under various excitation amplitudes and frequencies.All the parameters of the model were identified by the curve fitting of the experimental data with the genetic algorithm.The functional relationships between the parameters of the system model and the amplitude and frequency were derived by a series of analysis.The results show that the nonlinear dynamic system model for metal rubber with a fractional order differential item can be described as continuous mathematical expressions,which can reflect the full metal rubber nonlinear system dynamic performance.The model involves less parameters and has a simpler structure compared to other existing metal rubber dynamics system models.The results provide a new way to the study of metal rubber dynamics systems.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 233-241 [Abstract] ( 164 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1524 KB)  ( 368 )
242 Dynamic vibration absorber based instability vibration suppression of a rotor/seal system
XU Qi1, NIU Junkai1, YAO Hongliang2, ZHAO Lichao3, WEN Bangchun2
The dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) was proposed to suppress the instability vibration of a rotor/seal system.A model for the rotor/seal system with DVA was established.A numerical method was utilized to obtain the nonlinear characteristics of the rotor/seal system without and with DVA.The critical stability condition was obtained by the Routh-Hurwitz criterion.Then the genetic algorithm was applied to optimize the DVA parameters, and the stability was discussed.The results show that the DVA is effective to change the instability vibration frequency and threshold of the rotor/seal system.The instability vibration can be completely suppressed within a certain range of rotating speed.The DVA can reduce the amplitude of the instability vibration in some range of rotating speed, at which the instability vibration is partially suppressed.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 242-250 [Abstract] ( 131 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2216 KB)  ( 187 )
251 Forced vibration of a fractional-order single degree-of-freedom oscillator with clearance
NIU Jiangchuan1,2, ZHAO Zhishuang2, XING Haijun1,2, SHEN Yongjun1,2
The forced vibration of a single degree-of-freedom piecewise linear oscillator with a clearance and a fractional-order derivative term was investigated.The approximate analytical solution for its primary resonance was obtained by the Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropoisky (KBM) asymptotic method.The primary resonance of the piecewise linear system was analyzed, and a unified expression of the fractional-order differential term was obtained, where the fractional order was restricted in 0 to 2.The effects of the fractional-order differential term on the dynamic characteristics of the piecewise system were expressed as an equivalent linear damping and an equivalent linear stiffness, while that of the clearance was an equivalent nonlinear stiffness.The expression of the amplitude-frequency response of the primary resonance was obtained, and the stability condition of the system was also achieved.The approximate analytical solutions and numerical solutions of the primary resonance amplitude-frequency responses were compared, which shows both are in good agreement.The effects of the fractional-order term and clearance on the amplitude-frequency response of the primary resonance were analyzed in detail.It concludes that the KBM asymptotic method is an effective method to analyze the dynamics of fractional-order piecewise smooth systems.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 251-256 [Abstract] ( 143 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (998 KB)  ( 50 )
257 Fractal prediction model for the thermo-elastic normal contact stiffness of frictional interfaces in dry gas seals
CHEN Jinlin1, DING Xuexing1, ZHANG Weizheng1, YAN Ruqi2, SUN Baocai1,2 
Based on the fractal theory and a re-established contact model of micro-convex bodies, and considering the elastic deformation and thermal stress deformation of micro-convex bodies, a calculation model for the thermal-elastic normal contact stiffness on two-frictional interfaces of a dry gas seal was established.Meanwhile, a numerical analysis on the key factors influencing the normal contact stiffness was conducted.The results indicate that the fractal dimension and characteristic dimension have significant impact on the thermal and elastic normal contact stiffnesses.Generally, both the thermal and elastic normal contact stiffnesses increase with the rise of the dimensionless real contact area and fractal dimension.At the same time, they both decrease as the characteristic dimension is raised.With the increase of friction coefficient, the thermal normal contact stiffness increases, while the elastic normal contact stiffness decreases.Additionally, the thermal normal contact stiffness is found to have a linear increase with the rotational speed.The establishment and analysis of the fractal model for the thermal-elastic normal contact stiffness on frictional interfaces provide guidelines for the further investigation on the friction vibration of dry gas seals under thermal effect.

2020 Vol. 39 (14): 257-263 [Abstract] ( 204 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1385 KB)  ( 93 )
264 Experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of phosphogypsum
LU Ting1, 2, WEI Zuoan1, 2, WANG Wensong1, 2, YANG Yonghao1, 2, CAO Guansen1,2, ZHUANG Sunning1, 2
The GDS dynamic triaxle test system with a bending element module was used to study systematically the dynamic characteristics of phosphogypsum.The dynamic parameters of phosphogypsum and their variation were investigated, such as the dynamic strength, dynamic shear modulus G d, damping ratio λ  and dynamic pore water pressure μ d.The results show that the dynamic strength curve of phosphogypsum is in the form of a power function, and it is found the normalization of the dynamic strength curves under different confining pressure is made rather poorly.The initial dynamic shear modulus G d0 is in a power function relationship with the effective consolidation confining pressure σ ′0.The Davidenkov model was used to fit the dynamic shear modulus ratio G d/ G d0, and the normalization of the dynamic shear modulus ratio of phosphogypsum under different confining pressure is found to be better.With the increase of dry density and confining pressure, the pore pressure development curve of phosphogypsum varies its form “double S” to “single S”.Based on the Seed model, a pore pressure model suitable for the development of dynamic pore pressure of phosphogypsum was established.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 264-271 [Abstract] ( 156 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1563 KB)  ( 74 )
272 Pitch dynamics of a semi-active anti-pitch hydraulic interconnected suspension
JIANG Zhidong1, ZHENG Minyi1, ZHANG Nong1,2
In urban traffic, frequent accelerating and decelerating of a vehicle can cause the vehicle to pitch and rock, causing discomfort and even motion sickness.Based on the particle swarm optimization-based control and PID control, a continuously adjustable anti-pitch hydraulic interconnected suspension system was proposed.A semi-vehicle model including the brake system, tire and hydraulic interconnected suspension system was established.and the factors affecting the stiffness and damping characteristics of the hydraulic interconnected suspension,the pitch control and the ride comfort were analyzed.The Skyhook and PID controllers were designed, and the control parameters were set by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm.The linear braking conditions were simulated by combined use of the softwares of Simulink and Amesim, and the smoothness optimization effect and braking safety under the proposed control strategy were analyzed.The results show that the semi-active anti-hydraulic interconnected suspension can more effectively improve the ride comfort of the vehicle compared to the passive suspension.

2020 Vol. 39 (14): 272-278 [Abstract] ( 151 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1728 KB)  ( 162 )
279 Vibration of a motor stator caused by the magnetostrictive effect of silicon steel sheets
ZHANG Xin, HE Jiajun, YAO Na, WU Chao
In order to reveal the magnetostrictive effect of silicon steel sheets on the vibration of a motor stator,a numerical model for the magneto-mechanical coupling vibration of the motor stator under magnetostrictive action was established and solved.It is found that the vibration frequency components of the silicon steel sheets of the motor stator are mainly the power supply frequency as well as its double and multiple frequencies.An experiment model was designed to simulate the magnetic field in the motor.In the experiment device,a coil and a non-oriented silicon steel sheet were set with non-contact arrangement so properly, that the force acting on the steel sheet was only the magnetostrictive force caused by the changing magnetic field. By changing the position of the steel sheet, the magnetostrictive effect of the magnetic field on the stress characteristics of the steel sheet was analyzed.The main vibration frequency components of the steel sheet are the power supply frequency and its double frequency component.Moreover, with the sheet at different locations, the main frequencies that affect the vibration are different.When the magnetic circuit is deflected, the steel sheet vibrates apparently at the power supply frequency.The vibration signals on the steel sheet under the changing magnetic field were appropriately measured.The numerical and experimental results were verified  by each other and both are fairly consistent.
2020 Vol. 39 (14): 279-284 [Abstract] ( 182 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1634 KB)  ( 290 )
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