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2022 Vol. 41, No. 1
Published: 2022-01-15

 
1 Adaptive backstepping control of semi-active suspension with built-in solenoid valve
KOU Farong, WANG Rui, HONG Feng, YANG Huijie
Aiming at the nonlinear and spring mass uncertainty of semi-active suspension system with built-in solenoid valve, an adaptive backstepping control algorithm for semi-active suspension with built-in solenoid valve was designed. The mathematical model and AMESim model of the built-in electromagnetic damper are established, and the correctness of the model is verified by bench test. Based on the AMESim model and the dynamics model of the quarter vehicle semi-active suspension, the adaptive backstepping control algorithm is designed, and the dynamic response and adaptive situation of the semi-active suspension with different spring mass under the control algorithm are simulated and analyzed. The results show that: under random excitation, compared with passive suspension, when 1/4 vehicle sprung mass is 260kg and 300kg respectively, the sprung mass acceleration of semi-active suspension is reduced by 32.4% and 26.3%, and the suspension dynamic deflection is reduced by 29.3% and 24.1%, respectively, compared with passive suspension. The effectiveness and stability of the control algorithm are verified.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 1-9 [Abstract] ( 280 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2415 KB)  ( 134 )
10 Dynamic response and vibration isolation effect of generalized fractional-order van der Pol-Duffing oscillator
TANG Jianhua1, LI Xianghong1,3, WANG Min1, SHEN Yongjun2,3, LI Zhuangzhuang2
By means of the average method, this paper studied the dynamic behavior and force transmissibility of the van der Pol-Duffing oscillator with fractional derivative term. First, the first-order analytical solution of the van der Pol-Duffing oscillator with fractional derivative term was calculated. Further, the expressions of the amplitude-frequency curve and the phase-frequency curve for the steady solution were obtained. The correctness of the analytical solution was verified by comparing with the numerical solution. Finally, the influence of different parameters on the amplitude-frequency curve and the force transmissibility was analyzed. The results show that, the analytical solution is in good agreement with numerical solution. In the dimensionless case, some parameters can restrain the resonance peaks of the amplitude-frequency curve and the force transmissibility within the resonance region, such as the fractional order coefficients, nonlinear parameters, fractional order, and damping ratio. In the low-frequency vibration isolation area, the nonlinear parameters and amplitude have a significant effect on the vibration isolation effect, the smaller the nonlinear parameters and amplitude, the better the vibration isolation effect may be. In the high-frequency vibration isolation area, the increase of some parameters helps to improve the vibration isolation effect, such as the non-linear parameters, amplitude and damping ratio.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 10-18 [Abstract] ( 223 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1419 KB)  ( 172 )
19 Transonic flutter analysis method based on polynomial modified strip aerodynamic force and its test verification
ZHANG Tingting, ZHOU Jianbin, DOU Zhongqian, ZHANG Junjie
A transonic flutter analysis method based on modified strip aerodynamic force with polynomials was presented. Lift and moment slope in the strip were taken as the correction target. A set of polynomial equations were implemented to simulate the strip moment distribution to ensure the consistency of both the aerodynamic force and moment with their targets. The modified aerodynamic force is used in the transonic flutter analysis. Comparison with wind tunnel flutter tests of different configurations shown that the analysis results has high accuracy for both the wing-engine flutter mode and the stabilizer-rudder flutter mode. The transonic compressibility curve is consistent with the tests.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 19-23 [Abstract] ( 165 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1136 KB)  ( 184 )
24 Tests and numerical simulation of wind-induced flying projectile impacting building float glass
CHEN Sheng, HUANG Peng, GU Ming
Laboratory tests and numerical simulations were used to study the impact damage of windborne debris on residential float glass. Firstly, failure test was carried out to evaluate the performance of float glass impacted by steel ball, and then a finite element model was constructed using LS-DYNA. The reliability of the model was verified by comparing the results of tests and numerical simulations. Finally, the impact effects of impact position, impact attitude and shape of the plate-like debris were analyzed based on the verified model. The results show that residential float glass is very vulnerable to debris impact, and the JH-2 constitutive model with a failure criterion of SIGP1=75 MPa for the float glass could closely simulate the failure of glass under impact loadings. The impact position of debris has little effect on the impact results, but the influence of impact attitude and shape of the debris cannot be ignored.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 24-30 [Abstract] ( 201 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1396 KB)  ( 172 )
31 Dynamic analysis method of vehicle-track vertical coupled system based on transfer matrix method
ZHU Zhihui1,2, WANG Yingying1, GONG Wei1, FENG Qianshuo1
To accurately and efficiently study the dynamic response of track structure induced by the high-speed train, considering the periodic characteristics of tracks, a convenient method of track structure modeling and solution based on transfer matrix method (TMM) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, according to the structural characteristics of the track structure, the periodic repeated parts of the ballast track and the CRTSⅡ slab ballastless track are divided into different cell units, and the stiffness equation assumption is introduced at the cell interface, then the transfer relationship between the cell interior and adjacent cells is deduced based on the dynamic equation of cellular structure. The state vector transfer model of the overall track structure is established. Finally, combined with the track structure boundary conditions and the wheel-rail interaction force, the direct integration method is used to solve the dynamic response of each cell. The vehicle model with 10 DOFs is adopted. Based on the wheel-rail linear Hertz contact model, the vehicle system and track structure are coupled by wheel-rail interaction force. Taking the high-speed train passing through the ballastless track structure as an example, the dynamic responses of the vehicle and the rail are calculated using the TMM and the Direct Stiffness Method (DSM). The results show that the proposed method can reduce the number of DOF of the track structure in the vehicle-track coupling system significantly, and has high computational accuracy and efficiency. It has the advantages of convenient modeling and can be effectively used in the dynamic response analysis of vehicle-track coupling system.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 31-38 [Abstract] ( 181 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1901 KB)  ( 123 )
39 Multi-point leakage locating method based on TFA and improved DE
LANG Xianming1,2,3, ZHU Yongqiang1, LI Jinna1, CAO Jiangtao1, LI Ping1, SONG Huadong3
When multiple leaks occur at the same time, the influence of leak acoustic wave signals is superposed in the leak acoustic wave signal, which affects the propagation and attenuation rule of the transient acoustic signal. The traditional leak localization method is impossible to effectively locate the multiple leak signals under the condition of mixed signal. Thus, a localization method of multiple leaks based on time-frequency analysis of acoustic wave and improved differential evolution is proposed. Since the decomposition model number of Variational Mode Decomposing (VMD) affects the feature extraction, the energy function is used to improve VMD. The improved VMD is applied to acoustic wave analysis and processing. Additionally, the number of multiple leaks is extracted by Time-frequency Analysis (TFA). Then, the multiple leaks localization function is obtained. Differential Evolution (DE) is easy to fall into local optimum, and its convergence speed is slow in the later stage of evolution, Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO) is used to improve the global convergence speed of DE, and the multiple leaks positions are calculated by improved differential evolution. By analyzing the acquired acoustic wave data of multiple leaks in experimental pipeline, the results show that the proposed method can accurately locate multiple leaks in pipeline, and the minimum error of leak localization is 18 m.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 39-45 [Abstract] ( 200 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2087 KB)  ( 79 )
46 Tests for near-field explosion resistance of steel box girder scale structure with anti-explosion layer
LI Wenwu1, GENG Shaobo2, HE Yaobei1,3
In order to study the anti-blast effect of the steel box girder with blast-proof layer under near field blast, 53g explosive equivalent and 70mm blasting distance are used as explosion test parameters for the same scale model experiments. Concrete-single layer/double layers steel plate, 5 layers/10 layers Kevlar plate and their combination as blast-proof layer of scale steel box girder were tested in near field blast. Taking the plastic deformation energy of top plate as evaluation index, eight typical test results show that the top plate will undergo tearing damage along the U-stiffened plate for steel box girder without any protective blast-proof layer. The top plate of steel box girder with diaphragm spacing of 250mm is more severe than the diaphragm spacing of 150mm, and the deformation energy is about 60% higher. Double layer steel wire mesh concrete will reduce the deformation energy of top plate by 2.2% compared to single-layer steel wire mesh concrete. The combination of double layer steel wire mesh concrete and 5 layers of Kevlar as blast-proof layer, the plastic deformation energy of the top plate can be reduced to 34.5% of the value of the top plate without any protective layer. When the combination of double layer steel wire mesh concrete and 10 layers of Kevlar as blast-proof layer is used as blast-proof layer, the value is 32.7%.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 46-51 [Abstract] ( 159 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2288 KB)  ( 71 )
52 Construction and application of near zone vibration waveform of tunnel blast under condition of double-free face
GONG Min1, CAO Zhenyang1, SHI Facai1, WU Haojun1, WU Xiaodong1, ZHOU Shijun2
In recent years, the composite calculation of millisecond vibration based on single-hole blasting vibration data has been a research focus. To solve the problem of waveform calculation after the formation of the second facing surface, an on-site blasting test was designed to obtain a limited number of single-hole waveforms under double face, with Liantang small clear distance tunnel as background. The dominant frequency bands of the measured waveforms were analyzed by wavelet packet transform and single-hole waveforms were decomposed into multiple wavelets of dominant frequency bands. The functions were obtained by fitting between the charge of blast hole, the distance from burst centers and the maximum vibration velocity in each dominant frequency band. Wavelets of all holes were gotten in different frequency bands with the functions and each hole’s single hole waveform was constructed by superimposing the wavelets of all frequency bands. With the change of charge quantity and blasting center distance, calculated to get vibration waveforms at different delay intervals, then obtained the optimal delay interval. Results: The calculated synthetic waveforms fit well with measured waveforms in terms of frequency composition and waveform trend, the peak error of each vibration velocity is less than 0.3 cm/s; the delay interval of peripheral hole millisecond blasting for the best vibration reduction effect is 6~7 ms, and the field application has a good effect.
 
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 52-59 [Abstract] ( 114 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1600 KB)  ( 33 )
60 Stiffness modeling and analysis of constrained membrane air spring
ZHAO Yamin1,2, CUI Junning1,2, ZOU Limin1,2, BIAN Xingyuan1,2, CHENG Zhongyi1,2
An improved stiffness model of the constrained diaphragm air spring is established to solve the problem that the actual stiffness of the air spring differs greatly from the theoretical value. The improved model takes into account the variation of the arc length and the chamber volume caused by the deformation of the elastic membrane. The deviation between the theoretical and experimental stiffness is 9.67%, which is 7.63% more accurate than that of the traditional model. The analysis results based on the improved stiffness model show that the air spring with large volume, small effective area, large elastic membrane arc radius, high arc length gradient, and high pressure is beneficial to achieve low stiffness isolation. The research in this paper provides an effective theoretical basis for the structural optimization and precision machining of large bearing, low frequency or ultra-low frequency constrained diaphragm air spring.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 60-67 [Abstract] ( 157 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3386 KB)  ( 64 )
68 Fault diagnosis of wheelset bearing of high-speed train based on EEMD and parameter adaptive VMD
LI Cuixing1,2, LIAO Yingying2, LIU Yongqiang2
Aiming at the problem that the traditional parameter-adaptive VMD method can not extract the fault feature information of wheelset bearing accurately because the working environment of wheelset bearing of high-speed train is complex and the vibration signal is often accompanied by impact noise and cyclic stationary noise, an improved parameter-adaptive VMD method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition preprocessing is proposed. First, the collected vibration signal is decomposed by EEMD, the original signal and the envelope kurtosis values of each component are calculated, and the components whose kurtosis values are greater than the original signal kurtosis value are selected for reconstruction to generate new vibration signal. Secondly, the local maximum envelope spectrum kurtosis is taken as the objective function, and the new signal is analyzed by parameter-adaptive VMD method based on particle swarm optimization to determine the optimal parameters. Finally, the optimized VMD is used to decompose the new signal, and the component with the largest envelope spectrum kurtosis value is selected for envelope demodulation analysis. Through simulation and experimental analysis, it is proved that this method still has good performance in fault feature extraction under strong noise interference. The research results have certain theoretical significance and application value for improving the effect of train wheelset bearing fault diagnosis.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 68-77 [Abstract] ( 190 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3778 KB)  ( 267 )
78 Diagnostic noise label correction based on improved stacked auto-encoder
ZHANG Xu1, HUANG Yixiang1, ZHANG Xuan1, XIAO Dengyu1, LIU Chengliang1, LI Huaiyang2, ZHU Tao2
In the field of data-based fault diagnosis, correct label samples are the guarantee of diagnostic accuracy. but for unavoidable reasons, training samples are often disturbed by noise labels. In response to this problem, a noise label correction method based on improved Stacked Auto-Encoder is proposed. This method assigns pseudo-labels to samples through Stacked Auto-Encoder and Isolation Forest, adjusts the degree of attention of Stacked Auto-Encoder to samples, thereby making the Stacked Auto-Encoder’s focus on the correct samples. Considering the deviation caused by the data distribution, the cross-validation based on random forest is used to obtain the sample entropy of the sample to correct the label. The gear and bearing experiments show that the method can reduce the noise label rate of the sample, correct the noise label correctly, and improve the accuracy of fault classification under multiple noise ratios.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 78-87 [Abstract] ( 130 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3241 KB)  ( 35 )
88 Dynamic characteristics of smooth annular gas seal
YANG Xingchen1, ZHANG Wanfu1,2, ZHANG Xiaobin3, CHEN Luqi4, GU Chengjing1, LI Chun1,2
The dynamic characteristics of smooth annular gas seals directly affect the system stability of turbomachines. A three-dimensional numerical model of a smooth annular gas seal is established. The identification method based on infinitesimal theory is applied to calculate the flow characteristics under two outlet states (unchoked/choked), five eccentric ratios (ε = 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 80%) and three length-diameter ratios (L/D = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5). Results show that the direct stiffness coefficient decreases with the increasing eccentric ratios and whirling frequencies under the unchoked and choked flow conditions (L/D = 1.0). The magnitude of the cross-coupled stiffness coefficient and the direct damping coefficient increase with the increasing eccentric ratios. For the seal working in high eccentric ratios, the influence of eccentric ratios on the dynamic coefficient must be taken into consideration, which cannot be simplified to the conventional four dynamic coefficients. Under different whirling frequencies, the effective damping coefficient shows an opposite trend with the increase of eccentric ratio and length-diameter ratios. The rotor system with low frequency whirling, high eccentric ratio length-diameter ratios is more likely to be unstable.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 88-97 [Abstract] ( 120 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4544 KB)  ( 27 )
98 Harmonic torque vibration analysis and active disturbance rejection control of high-speed train
LI Weiping1, WEI Jing1, WU Pingbo2, SHI Huailong2, ZHU Wangang3, ZHANG Yuzhong3
When the road is uneven, the wheels are worn or the train runs from an open line to suddenly enter the tunnel, harmonic torque may be caused and the gearbox vibration will be intensified in the actual operation of high-speed trains. In order to study the influence of harmonic torque fluctuation amplitude on the high-speed train traction gearbox vibration acceleration, this paper established an electromechanical coupling system between a three-phase asynchronous dynamic motor and a gear transmission system that considered time-varying meshing stiffness, meshing damping, meshing error, and tooth backlash transmission system model. The vibration acceleration characteristics of the gearbox input side were analyzed on the Simulink platform. The results show that the increase of harmonic torque increases the gearbox vibration acceleration, and the longitudinal vibration acceleration increases most obviously. After the coupling system is superimposed on the hybrid active disturbance rejection controller(ADRC), it has a better inhibitory effect on the longitudinal vibration of the gearbox caused by the harmonic torque.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 98-106 [Abstract] ( 144 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3484 KB)  ( 51 )
107 Equivalent additional damping ratio of TMD under random earthquake
HE Hui1,2, TAN Ping1,2, LIN Songwei3, XIANG Yue1,2, LAN Li1,2
The effective supplemental damping ratio of TMD added to structure under the random seismic ground motion excitations was researched in this paper. Firstly, the Kanai-Tajimi power spectral density function of ground acceleration was described as the filtering effect of the site, which was expressed in transfer function form, and the displacement dynamic amplification factor of structure to bedrock was then derived. Combined with the SRSS methodology, the analytical expression of the effective supplemental damping ratio of TMD added to the each modal of structure was given using mean square value of structural displacement response as a criterion. Finally, the solving procedure of the effective supplemental damping ratio of TMD was demonstrated by a view tower, and the analysis results shown that it was reasonable to use effective supplemental damping ratio to evaluate TMD damping performance, furthermore, the control effect of structural displacement could be evaluated precisely by the proposed analytical expression of the effective supplemental damping ratio of TMD.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 107-115 [Abstract] ( 126 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2569 KB)  ( 171 )
116 Calibration method of low frequency vibration sensor based on guideway bending correction of long stroke shaker
YANG Ming1, CAI Chenguang2, LIU Zhihua2, WANG Ying3, 4, YANG Junjie5
Aiming at the effect of the bending in the long-stroke shaker’s guideway on the shaker-based low- frequency vibration sensor sensitivity magnitude calibration, the machine vision method was adopted to measure the bending. The calibration accuracy of the sensitivity magnitude was improved by establishing the correcting model to eliminate the effect of the bending. The bending measurement results show the greater load of the calibrated sensor, the greater bending, and the greater influence on the sensitivity magnitude calibration. The comparison experiments with the Earth’s graviation method demonstrate the calibration accuracy of the sensitivity magnitude with the bending correction was improved by an order of magnitude in the range from 0.04 to 2 Hz.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 116-120 [Abstract] ( 175 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1176 KB)  ( 57 )
121 Vortex-induced vibration characteristics of a cylinder with additional rectifier
ZHOU Bo1,2, WANG Jie1, YAO Zongkai1, LIU Hui1, HAN Xiaoshuang3
This paper systematically studies the transverse-only vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder with different additional rectifiers. The response amplitude, force coefficient, vibration frequency and vortex shedding mode of a circular cylinder with different additional rectifiers are analyzed at 3.0≤U_r≤12.0. The results show that the hydrodynamic characteristics of the circular cylinder with different additional rectifiers are more complicated than fixed cylinder with additional rectifier. It is not good to evaluate the performance of a rectifier based on the results of a fixed circular cylinder with additional rectifiers.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 121-127 [Abstract] ( 137 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2238 KB)  ( 57 )
128 Vibration reduction mechanism of cat claw pad and its bionic application in tire pattern
WANG Guolin1, MEI Ye1,2, ZHOU Haichao1, LIU Congzhen1
The domestic cats exhibited biological characteristics such as attenuating ground impacts strongly in the process of movement. The claw pads, as the only body in contact with the ground, were the key factor affecting the realization of biological characteristics. According to the histological and contact mechanical tests of cat claw pads, the cushion mechanism of claw pads was mainly reflected in: on the one hand, the multi-layer structure of the claw pads was helpful to reduce the internal and external contact stress and strain; on the other hand, the mechanical characteristics of the claw pads in low-speed walking gait reflected the movement characteristics of front back and left right shaking deformation in the contact surface between the claw pads and the ground, which was beneficial to the exertion of the claw pads cushion energy storage. The bionic design of the tread groove wall structure in the middle area of PCR tire was carried out by using the cushion mechanism of cat paw pads which was realized by using the pattern structure design that imitated the asymmetric layout of honeycomb hexagon groove. Through the finite element simulation analysis, it found that the bionic tread pattern could effectively reduce the contact pressure deflection value and the radial excitation force between the tread and road, and improved the tread wear and vibration noise characteristics.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 128-136 [Abstract] ( 178 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3282 KB)  ( 275 )
137 Lateral aerodynamic performance of 600 km/h high-speed maglev train during open line intersection
YANG Yonggang1, CHEN Dawei2, MEI Yuangui1
The lateral aerodynamic performance of Chinese 600kmh-1 high-speed maglev train when crossing in open line was analyzed based on three dimensional, unsteady, compressible, RANS equation,   SST turbulence model and Overset mesh technique. The characteristics of the train’s pressure change were displayed, the change law of the lateral aerodynamic force, yaw and roll moments were revealed, the reasons for the lateral swing and rolling of the carriages were analyzed and the influence of train velocity on lateral aerodynamic performance was discussed. The results indicated that the passing train’s pressure distribution determines the change law of the lateral aerodynamic force for observation train. The lateral aerodynamic performance of the leading car is worst and trailing car’ is worse. The meeting sides’ pressure played a decisive role in the lateral force, yaw and roll moment’s fluctuations in each carriage. The peaks of the pressure wave and lateral force are approximately proportional to the square of the train speed. The streamline zones’ pressure was analyzed, which provides a reference for the local aerodynamic optimization design.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 137-146 [Abstract] ( 150 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3022 KB)  ( 210 )
147 Similarity of vibration response of flat plate excited by turbulent boundary layer
ZHAO Guoliang, CHEN Meixia
The vibration test design and response prediction of the flow-induced plate were analyzed and discussed. The applicability of the normalization method of turbulent pulsating pressure self-power between different fluid media was verified. For the flow-induced response of the plate, the fluid load was considered and the modal superposition method was used for calculation. Through the comparison between the responses of the original model and the scaled model, a conversion method between the plate responses is proposed. The conversion results show that this method can achieve conversion between the plate responses under the excitation of the turbulent boundary layer of the same medium. This method can be used to achieve theoretically conversion to the flow-induced response of different external flow field media. The research results have practical significance for the prediction of the response of underwater structures under turbulence excitation.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 147-153 [Abstract] ( 150 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1038 KB)  ( 65 )
154 Strength of artificially frozen silty clay with different negative temperatures under dynamic and static combined loading and deformation characteristic analysis
MA Dongdong1, 2, MA Qinyong1, 2, HUANG Kun1, 2, YUAN Pu1, 2, YAO Zhaoming1, 2
Study the strength and deformation characteristics of frozen soil with various negative temperature conditions under coupled static and dynamic loads had important theoretical and engineering significance for improving the excavation and crush efficiency of frozen soil and ensuring the stability of frozen soil engineering. The static and dynamic stress-strain curve, compressive strength, deformation modulus and failure characteristics of artificial frozen silty clay with various negative temperatures were investigated with the help of a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. Test results indicated that under uniaxial dynamic compression condition, with the decrease of test temperature, the proportion of elastic stage of stress-strain curve of artificial frozen silty clay tended to decrease, and the decrease stage after peak stress gradually became obvious. Under three-dimensional coupled static and dynamic load, the stress-strain curves of frozen soil under different negative temperatures could be divided into elastic stage, plastic stage and failure stage. The temperature sensitivity of artificial frozen silty clay under impact load was stronger compared with that under static load, reflected dynamic brittleness characteristic of frozen soil. In addition, under impact loading, the temperature sensitivity of frozen soil under three-dimensional coupled static and dynamic loads was weaker compared with that under uniaxial state. Under dynamic uniaxial load, failure modes of frozen soil specimens with various negative temperatures were crushed. However, there were no obvious cracks for frozen soil under three-dimensional coupled static and dynamic load.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 154-160 [Abstract] ( 146 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1736 KB)  ( 204 )
161 Vibration energy of vehicle-rail-bridge vertical coupled system considering fastener temperature frequency variation
LIU Linya, LI Hui, QIN Jialiang, ZUO Zhiyuan, MENG Xianjin
The temperature-frequency variable dynamic mechanical model of the rail fastener is established by combining the principle of temperature-frequency equivalence and the high-order fractional derivative FVMP model through the constant-frequency variable-temperature test of the fastener, and the newly-built model is used for simulation in the vehicle-track-bridge vertical coupling system Fasteners. Then, based on the power flow method to systematically analyze and evaluate the influence of dynamic mechanical parameters for the rail fasteners relating to environmental temperature and exciting frequency on the vibration energy distribution and transmission of the track structure. The conclusions indicate that considering the frequency-dependent dynamic parameters of the rail fasteners, the vibration energy of the track structure in the middle-high frequency bands would be increased, and the vibration energy of the track structure in the low frequency-domain random would less affected. Moreover, it had a great impact on the vibration energy transmitted from the rail to the track plate. However,it had little influenced on vibration energy transfer of  bridge, But has little effect on the vibration energy transfer of the bridge; With reduction of temperature the vibration energy of the track structure would increases, and the vibration energy transmitted to the track plate in the middle-high frequency bands after 61HZ would increases. Meanwhile, it had a small effect to the vibration energy transmission of slabs and bridges; the temperature-frequency change of fasteners has a greater impact on the distribution of vibration energy of the track structure, but has a small effect on the energy transmission of the under-rail structure. Therefore, the temperature-frequency characteristics of fasteners must be considered when solving the vibration energy of the track and bridge coupling, otherwise it will be difficult to accurately predict the vibration energy distribution characteristics of the track structure.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 161-168 [Abstract] ( 162 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2065 KB)  ( 150 )
169 Refined analysis for damage catastrophe of shielding building of  AP1000 nuclear reactor under sequence earthquake
WANG Dayang1,2, BAO Sihai1,2, CHEN Wanruo1,2, ZHU Yong1,2, ZHANG Yongshan1,2
Taking the structure of the shield building of the AP1000 nuclear reactor as the research object, the damage assessment of the whole dynamic catastrophic behavior of the shield building is carried out under the action of single and sequential ground motions. Based on the concept of zoning, the shield building is divided into nine zones along the height direction (BS-1, BS-2, MS-1 ~ MS-7) and 24 sub-regions (C1 ~ C24) are divided with an interval of 15 ° along the ring direction. Under the action of sequence design and exceeding design earthquake, the dynamic catastrophic behavior and damage development of each refined sub-region are discussed in depth. The research shows that the damage and deformation characteristics of the shield building structure under the action of design, beyond design and even huge earthquake, are mainly shear-type damage. With the increase of PGA, the damage first extends to the ring belt direction of the height of the portal and then continues to extend up and down. The damage degree is the most serious in the ring belt of the gate portal, followed by the ring belt of the upper portal, and the base area and The area between the upper and lower openings, and finally the top water tank area; the aggravating effect of aftershock on the structural damage after the main earthquake is still concentrated in the damaged area, and the aggravating effect increases first and then decreases with the increase of ground motion PGA; the damage of the gate opening area directly affects the damage development of the shield plant, and the catastrophic behavior in this area should be described by the maximum damage value, and the rest areas can be described by the damage value The average value describes that the gate opening should be strengthened in the design.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 169-179 [Abstract] ( 146 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5340 KB)  ( 84 )
180 Rotation jitter control method in azimuth thruster hydraulic system
WU Zhe, LI Baoren, YANG Gang, GAO Longlong
Aimed at the rotation jitter phenomenon in the hydraulic system of azimuth thruster, a simulation model of the rotary hydraulic system with counterbalance valves was built based on AMESim,the influence of the counterbalance valve’s maximum throttle flow rate and spool stroke-flow area characteristics on its dynamic characteristics were analyzed. The simulation results show that periodic fluctuation of the control pressure of the counterbalance valve will lead to fluctuations in the spool position and flow area, which is the root cause of rotation jitter in the hydraulic system with counterbalance valves. When the maximum throttling flow rate of the CB series counterbalance valve is slightly less than or equal to the system design flow rate, the slewing action is more likely to achieve better smoothness. When the design flow rate of the hydraulic system with the counterbalance valve is less than the maximum throttling flow rate of the counterbalance valve, the larger the flow area gradient of the CB series counterbalance valve,the more severe of the rotation jitter, and vice versa, the smoother the slewing action, so the full throttle type counterbalance valve is easier to obtain smoothness, but this is at the expense of the loss of slewing speed. The large effective spool stroke of the MBE* improved counterbalance valve effectively reduces the sensitivity of the flow area to spool stroke, resulting in good stability at low system flow rates and low pressure loss at higher design flow rates.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 180-186 [Abstract] ( 138 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1860 KB)  ( 65 )
187 Rotor strength analysis of surface-mounted high-speed permanent magnet  motor considering effects of temperature rise gradient
CHEN Liangliang1,2, FENG Jinghong2, XIONG Ru3, ZHU Changsheng4, WU Jiaju2, LI Zhinong1
As for the problem of rotor strength analysis of the surface-mounted high speed permanent magnet machine with a non-magnetic alloy sleeve, the analytical solution of rotor strength was proposed based on the plane stress model of elastic mechanics. The displacement method in polar coordinate was employed to deduce the analytical solution, and the influences of the static interference fit, rotational speed and  temperature gradient of rotor were taken into account in the analytical solution proposed. Then the effectiveness of the analytical solution was validated by finite element simulations and experiments, respectively. Finally, the influences of design parameters including sleeve thickness, static interference fit, rotational speed and rotor temperature on rotor stress were further investigated based on the analytical solution proposed. The simulations and experiments show that the analytical solution proposed can accurately calculate the radial stress, hoop stress and equivalent Mises stress of the rotor of surface-mounted high speed permanent magnet machine, considering the influence of temperature gradient. High speed centrifugal force and rotor heating result in significant increasing of the tensile stress in permanent magnets, meanwhile, the equivalent Mises stress of non-magnetic alloy sleeve also increases. The pre-pressure of the permanent magnet can be improved by appropriately increasing the static interference fit and sleeve thickness, so as to protect permanent magnets from the tensile stress produced by high speed centrifugal force and rotor heating.
 
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 187-195 [Abstract] ( 94 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3109 KB)  ( 215 )
196 Power analysis of nonlinear vibration energy harvester based on equivalent linearization method
LI Jiacheng1, WANG Zhixia1, 2, WANG Wei1, 2, WANG Chen3
Output power analysis is an important basis for the structural design and parameter selection of vibration energy harvester. Due to the complex traditional power analysis method, a novel power analysis method is proposed based on a kind of electromagnetic vibration energy harvester, in which the nonlinear vibration equation turns into an equivalent linear system and the power optimization is carried out by transfer function in the linear system. Firstly, a 1.5-degree and 7-order nonlinear electromechanical coupling generalized model of the harvester is established with nonlinear magnetic force and Kirchhoff's current law. Secondly, the dynamic frequency method is employed to solve the steady-state response of the system, in which the high-order harmonic term replaces the nonlinear component to achieve the equivalent linearization of the nonlinear governing equation. Finally, the transfer function is used to derive the power expression, and the influence of key parameters such as system load and electromechanical coupling coefficient on the output power are analyzed. The research results show that the power analysis method based on equivalent linearization can effectively overcome the complexity of the traditional power analysis approach and has good applicability.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 196-205 [Abstract] ( 117 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2240 KB)  ( 94 )
206 Tests and numerical simulation for damage effect of concrete target under penetration and explosion
SUN Shanzheng, LU Hao, LI Jie, XIONG Ziming, QIU Yanyu, WANG Derong
Based on the shallow buried explosion test after penetration, numerical simulations were carried out on the explosion in concrete with charge aspect ratio of 5 in three conditions including explosion in the blast hole, explosion after penetration with and with out shell. The rationality of the numerical simulation model and parameters setting were verified by comparing the numerical simulation with the experimental results. The main factors influencing the shelled charge explosion damage effect after penetration were determined through the numerical simulation results and dimensional analysis method. The effect of initial penetration damage on the effect of explosion damage is analyzed by comparing the damage effect of explosion in the blast hole with the explosion after penetration. The effect of shell thickness on explosion damage effect was analyzed based on the numerical simulation of explosion after penetration with different shell thickness. Results show that: 1) the main factors influencing the shelled explosion effect after penetration are dimensionless impact coefficient IP, dimensionless explosion coefficient Ie and dimensionless shell thickness δ/de; 2) with the increase of IP, the effect of pressure leakage through penetration crater decreases, and the damage effect of explosion in blast hole and explosion after penetration is gradually similar; 3) the assembling effect of detonation enhances the explosion damage effect when the charge shell is thin, opposite when the shell is thick, more energy is consumed during the shell crushing process, which weakens the explosion damage effect.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 206-212 [Abstract] ( 220 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2580 KB)  ( 94 )
213 PSO iterative learning control algorithm for shaking table based on feedforward compensation
AN Xin1,2, GAO Feng1, YANG Qiaoyu1, YANG Xueshan1
In order to solve the problems of low precision and many iterations of electromagnetic shaking table in the process of seismic signal reproduction, on the basis of establishing an accurate shaking table model, a feedforward inverse model compensation method based on acceleration model is proposed to improve the low frequency characteristics of electromagnetic shaking table. In addition, in order to solve the problem that the iterative learning control algorithm has a large number of iterations in the waveform reproduction of the shaking table, an improved adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the parameters of the control law off-line to achieve the purpose of improving the recurrence accuracy and reducing the number of iterations. The experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the reproduction accuracy in the process of a small number of iterations.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 213-220 [Abstract] ( 128 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1902 KB)  ( 56 )
221 Bearing fault diagnosis based on multi-scale mean permutation entropy and parametric optimization SVM
WANG Gongxian, ZHANG Miao, HU Zhihui, XIANG Lei, ZHAO Bokun
Aiming at the problems of feature extraction and low accuracy of pattern recognition in rolling bearing fault diagnosis, a fault diagnosis method based on multi-scale mean permutation entropy (MMPE) and grey wolf optimized support vector machine (GWO-SVM) was proposed. Firstly, the MMPE was applied to comprehensively characterize rolling bearing fault feature information. Then, the appropriate dimension features were selected to form the sample data set. Finally, GWO-SVM classifier was employed for fault pattern recognition. In this paper, the proposed fault diagnosis method based on MMPE and GWO-SVM was theoretically analyzed and studied, and the corresponding comparative experimental analysis was carried out by using the experimental data of rolling bearing, and the results showed that: MMPE can effectively extract the fault feature information of rolling bearing; the recognition accuracy and recognition speed of GWO-SVM are better than those of other commonly used parameters optimization SVM methods of rolling bearing fault diagnosis; the proposed method can effectively identify the fault position and fault degree of rolling bearing, and the fault recognition accuracy is 98.0% on the rolling bearing data set, which is higher than 97.0% based on MPE and GWO-SVM, furthermore, the recognition accuracy is 93.5% under the background of noise, while the accuracy of the latter is only 83.0% under the same conditions, it proves that MMPE has better noise robustness.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 221-228 [Abstract] ( 254 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3147 KB)  ( 435 )
229 Boundary condition simulation in spatial substructure hybrid tests for eccentrically braced frames
LI Tengfei1, SU Mingzhou1,2, SUI Yan1,2, GONG Huanxue1,2, MA Lei1,2
Modeling accuracy of numerical substructures and boundary condition simulation of substructures are two key problems in substructure hybrid tests (SHTs). Based on high-strength steel Y-eccentrically braced frame (Y-HSS-EBF) model, the applicability of this new structural test method for space frame structures was further studied. First, a SHT system consisting of OpenSees, OpenFresco test platform and MTS loading system was established. Then, for 3-span Y-HSS-EBFs with 2, 3 and 4 stories respectively, the bottom frame with eccentric braces was taken as the experimental substructure and the remainder as the numerical substructure for simulation in OpenSees. Based on the pseudo-static tests of single-span planar specimens, the modeling method of numerical substructure was validated before SHTs. Finally, El Centro wave was selected as the original input seismic wave, and a series of SHTs of space frame were conducted to simulate the horizontal motion and vertical load of the experimental substructure. The results show that, based on the pseudo-static test results, a finite element model was validated to provide a reference for the numerical substructure model of SHTs. The horizontal loading of double actuators was used to realize the translation of the experimental substructure, which can effectively consider the boundary constraints of the numerical substructure on the experimental substructure. The consideration of vertical load could simulate the gravity second-order effect of the experimental substructure more realistically.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 229-237 [Abstract] ( 126 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3435 KB)  ( 42 )
238 Numerical analysis for slipper-rail contact characteristics of rocket sled
ZHAO Xiangwei, YANG Zhen, YANG Yang
In order to investigate the slipper-rail contact characteristics of rocket sled, the Eluer-Bernouli beam elements were used to discretize the rocket sled, and the slipper-rail nonlinear contact force model considering irregularity of the rail was established, the sled-rail dynamics equations including the slipper-rail nonlinear contact force was solved by combining newmark-β with Newton-Raphson local iteration method, and the correctness of the numerical solution was verified through experiments. The numerical results show that at 700 m/s, the peak of the slipper-rail contact force is 2.27×106N, and the single slipper-rail collision time is between 0.35ms-0.45ms; slipper-rail collision time is proportional to the forward speed of rocket sled, and it accounts for 26.0% of the total time at 700m/s; slipper-rail contact speed is proportional to square of the forward speed, the upper limit of the rocket sled forward speed is 820m/s when 2.54m/s is the maximum contact speed that the rail can bear.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 238-243 [Abstract] ( 127 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1563 KB)  ( 52 )
244 Seismic behavior of high strength steel frame-buckling restrained brace system
ZHANG Zhe, PEI Sheng, DENG Enfeng
High-strength steel frame with buckling restrained brace was proposed for the defects of high-strength steel in seismic application including poor ductility and low stiffness. Two full-scale single-span single-layer specimens were tested under quasi-static loading to investigate the seismic behavior of this structure. The deformation characteristics and failure mode of the structure under horizontal cyclic load were observed. The deformation characteristics and failure mode of the structure under horizontal loading were observed. The hysteretic curves of the structure and the components were analyzed and the load degradation, stiffness degradation, plastic deformation, energy dissipation capacity, horizontal force distribution and energy dissipation distribution were discussed. The results indicated that the hysteretic curves of the specimens were plentiful and stable. The plastic deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the specimens were excellent with the maximum inter-story drift ratio to be 3% and equivalent damping ratio to be 30.4% ~ 36.3%. The horizontal loads were resisted by the steel frame and the buckling restrained brace together, while almost all the energy was dissipated by the buckling restrained brace. The failure mode of the specimen was buckling of the column flanges and fracture of the weld at the bottom of the column. The plastic deformation of steel frame was rather small, which was beneficial to repair after earthquake. Finite element model (FEM) was established by ANSYS. The results by FEM were in good agreement with the test results, which verified the effectiveness of the FEM.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 244-253 [Abstract] ( 153 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4783 KB)  ( 65 )
254 Analysis of whole process of structural vibration induced by underground high-speed train and performance of vibration isolation support
YANG Weiguo, LI Hao, KANG Kai, WANG Meng, LIU Pei
The vibration caused by the operation of underground high-speed railway propagates through the surrounding strata, which will cause the secondary vibration of nearby underground structures and adjacent buildings above ground, thus affecting the surrounding environment and the performance of buildings. Taking a commercial comprehensive building as the background, a three-dimensional finite element analysis model of "tunnel-soil-building floor-superstructure" is established to calculate the structural vibration response of underground high-speed railway.The vibration reduction and isolation effect of vertical vibration isolation bearing is studied according to the vibration control standard. The results show that the vibration of the building near the underground high-speed railway line exceeds the limit without taking vibration reduction measures. The vertical vibration isolation bearing can effectively restrain the vibration response of the building structure. It can reduce the average vibration level of the building floor by 4.2dB ~ 7.6dB with different parameter. Considering the effect of vibration isolation and the vertical deformation, it is suggested that the damping ratio of the vibration isolation bearing should be 0.01 and the vertical stiffness should be 130kN/mm. Finally, the parameter design method of vertical vibration isolation bearing is obtained, which can provide necessary guidance for follow-up engineering application.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 254-264 [Abstract] ( 220 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5067 KB)  ( 282 )
265 Vibration wave characteristics of Timoshenko beam with eccentric mass
WANG Jian1,2, YUAN Xiufeng2, HU Yongbiao1
The main bodies can usually be simplified as beams in the study of low-frequency vibrations of ships, submarines, and other engineering structures. While the couplings between bending and longitudinal vibrations will arise because of the non-uniform mass distribution in the cross-section. Analytical expression of cut-off frequency for the bending-longitudinal coupled eccentric Timoshenko beam was derived. Influences of eccentricity on the longitudinal waves, propagating bending waves, and decaying bending waves were discussed. Variations of longitudinal/bending displacement ratio with frequency and eccentricity under three sets of wavenumbers were studied. Analysis results show that eccentricity reduces the cut-off frequency of beam. The greater the eccentricity, the more obvious the reduction. The decaying bending wave transforms into propagating one at the cut-off frequency. Eccentricity induces the transition of longitudinal wave from non-dispersive one to dispersive one. If the eccentricity or frequency increases, or both, the bending-longitudinal coupling will be further strengthened.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 265-270 [Abstract] ( 123 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3044 KB)  ( 95 )
271 Dynamic characteristics of compressor vibration isolation pad based on rubber thermal oxygen aging law
LI Xian1, CHEN Junjie1,2, QIU Guangqi1, YANG Chaofeng3, HU Junfeng1, CHEN Jianjun2
Taking a rubber isolation pad of air conditioning compressor as the research object and considering the effect of thermal oxygen aging on its dynamic characteristics, a mathematical model of thermal oxygen aging-dynamic characteristics of rubber isolation pad is established by adopting the Arrhenius model, the fractional derivative Kelvin-Voigt model and smooth Coulomb friction model. Based on the MTS831 elastomer test bench, a test rig for static and dynamic characteristics of rubber isolation pads is built, and a method for identifying model parameters is proposed. The experimental results verify the correctness of the mathematical model of thermal oxygen aging-dynamic characteristics. It is shown that the static stiffness of rubber isolation pads increases by 19.35%, the maximum dynamic stiffness increases by 5.3% and the maximum loss factor decreases by 11.6% after thermal oxygen aging 7 days. Moreover, the thermal oxygen aging-dynamic characteristics model can effectively characterize the amplitude-dependent, frequency-dependent and thermal oxygen aging-dependent performances of rubber isolation pads. This paper can provide a basis for further research on evolution law of dynamic characteristics of rubber isolation pads after its service with thermal oxygen aging caused by ambient temperature.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 271-278 [Abstract] ( 157 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1889 KB)  ( 234 )
279 Dynamic shear characteristics of interface between different geosynthetics and recycled concrete aggregate
WU Jianqi1,2, LI Lei1,2, WANG Jun3
In order to study the cyclic shear and post direct shear characteristics of the interfaces between five different geosynthetics and Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), a series of Monotonic Direct Shear (MDS), Cyclic Direct Shear (CDS) and Post Cyclic Direct Shear (PCDS) tests were carried out under different normal stresses and cyclic shear displacement amplitudes. The results of post cyclic direct shear test and monotonic direct shear test were comprehensively compared and analyzed. under the action of cyclic direct shear The test results show that the five types of reinforcement-soil interface become obvious shear hardening, and the shear stiffness increases with the number of cycles, while the interface damping ratio decreases with the number of cycles. For this experiment, the shrinkage caused by the stiffened interface under the three different cyclic shear displacement conditions increase significantly with the increase of shear amplitude, the shrinkage increased respectively by 18.6% and 22.2%. In the post-cyclic direct shear test, the five stress-displacement curves of reinforced interfaces show obvious post-peak softening, and the apparent adhesion and the internal friction angle of the interface increase significantly with the cyclic shear. The results of the peak and residual cohesion and internal friction angle in the post-cycle direct shear test are greater than the corresponding results in the monotonic direct shear test.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 279-287 [Abstract] ( 109 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2910 KB)  ( 167 )
288 Tests and numerical analysis for seismic performance of prefabricated reinforced dense mesh anti-lateral force wallboard
ZHAO Dongfu1,2,3,4, ZHANG Pengxiang1, LI Wenqiang5
A new type of prefabricated reinforced concrete wall panel is proposed. In order to study the seismic performance of the wall panel, full-size specimens were made, and the hysteretic curve was obtained by quasi-static reciprocating loading test. The hysteretic characteristics, skeleton curve, stiffness degradation curve and energy dissipation capacity of the wall panel were analyzed through the hysteretic curve. The test results show that: the bearing capacity of the wall panel does not decline significantly when the interlayer angle is 1 / 250; compared with the test results of the fabricated lateral load-resistant wall panel with inclined bar structure, the reinforced concrete reinforced concrete wall panel with dense mesh structure has better bearing capacity, seismic energy dissipation capacity and stability, the ultimate bearing capacity is increased by 5.5%, and the total energy consumption is increased by 11%. ABAQUS software is used to carry out the finite element analysis of the prefabricated steel dense mesh anti lateral force wallboard. The simulation results are basically consistent with the experimental results. The finite element analysis and comparison with the fabricated steel dense mesh anti lateral force lattice column show that the seismic energy consumption capacity of the fabricated steel dense mesh wall panel is increased by 33%.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 288-297 [Abstract] ( 142 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3404 KB)  ( 36 )
298 Output characteristics and adaptive suppression algorithm for electromagnetic actuator
ZHANG Qingwei1, YU Xiang2, YAN Zhengtao3, YANG Lihua4,5
Aimed at the problem that the vibration isolation system is subject to strong interference or impact, which causes the controller output signal to exceed the operating current range of the actuator, which makes the control system fail. An adaptive saturation suppression algorithm is proposed. First, the characteristics of the electromagnetic actuator are analyzed, and it is concluded that the actuator will generate magnetic saturation with the increase of current and enter the saturation zone. Then, on the basis of the FXLMS algorithm, a suppression factor is introduced to modify the update of the control weight coefficient, thereby enhancing the robustness of the system under strong interference or impact. The simulation and test results show that the algorithm solves the saturation effect of the actuator well, achieves a significant control effect on dual-frequency excitation, and exhibits good robustness when subjected to impact.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 298-304 [Abstract] ( 193 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2799 KB)  ( 97 )
305 Numerical simulation for characteristics of planar eddy current damper under high impact load
HUANG Tong, GAO Qinhe, LIU Zhihao, LIU Dawei
In order to explore the application characteristics of the planar eddy current damper in impact environment, a numerical simulation study on the response characteristics of the planar eddy current damper under high impact load was carried out. Based on the ANSYS Maxwell electromagnetic finite element software, a two-dimensional numerical simulation model of the planar eddy current damper was established, and the effects of the structure size of the permanent magnet and the magnetic shoe, the thickness of the conductive layer and the magnetic conductive layer, and the air gap distance on the electromagnetic damping force were analyzed. The research results show that the planar eddy current damper can meet the high impact load generated when a certain type of artillery is safely braked, and the damping phenomenon will occur at high speed. When the thickness of the permanent magnet increases from 10 mm to 50 mm, the magnetoresistance force increases significantly, and the mass utilization ratio reaches the maximum when the thickness of the permanent magnet is 30 mm. The magnetoresistance force tends to be saturated when the thickness of the magnetic guide plate exceeds 2 mm. When the thickness of the conductive plate increases from 0 to 0.6 mm, the magnetoresistance force increases proportionally, but when the thickness of the conductor plate increases from 0.8 mm to 2 m The results can provide support for the further application of planar eddy current damping in shock environment.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 305-310 [Abstract] ( 179 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2693 KB)  ( 95 )
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