基于超声多尺度衰减的螺栓轴向应力评价

PDF(2272 KB)

振动与冲击 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2) : 226-233.

论文

基于超声多尺度衰减的螺栓轴向应力评价

余鑫，陈平，胡义亮，付统，李长泽

作者信息 +

Evaluation of the axial stress in bolts based on the ultrasonic multi-scale attenuation method

YU Xin,CHEN Ping,HU Yiliang,FU Tong,LI Changze

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

针对超声波传统衰减法测量高强度短螺栓应力时，难以达到预期精度，提出了一种基于超声散射衰减理论和小波多尺度分解的测量螺栓应力的方法。首先基于立方晶系材料的瑞利散射，推导了超声衰减系数与应力关系的理论模型。其次，利用小波变换得到各个尺度的衰减系数并定义加权超声多尺度衰减系数，结合粒子群优化算法和灰色关联分析确定衰减系数最优尺度组合及其归一化权重系数，建立轴向应力的超声多尺度衰减测量模型。然后，利用搭建的螺栓轴向应力超声波测量系统，对普通螺栓进行轴向应力测量，证明了该方法的可行性。最后，对比了多尺度衰减法与渡越时间和传统衰减法对高强度短螺栓轴向应力的测量结果，验证了多尺度超声衰减法更适合高强度短螺栓的轴向应力测量。

Abstract

Aiming at the difficulty of achieving the expected accuracy when measuring the stress of high-strength short bolts by the ultrasonic conventional attenuation method, a method based on ultrasonic scattering attenuation theory and wavelet multiscale decomposition is proposed to measure the stress of bolts. Firstly, a theoretical model of the relationship between ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and stress is derived based on Rayleigh scattering of cubic crystal system materials. Secondly, the wavelet transform is used to obtain the attenuation coefficients of each scale and define the weighted ultrasonic multiscale attenuation coefficients, combine the particle swarm optimization algorithm and gray correlation analysis to determine the optimal scale combination of the attenuation coefficients and their normalized weight coefficients, and establish the ultrasonic multiscale attenuation measurement model of axial stress. Then, using the constructed bolt axial stress ultrasonic measurement system, the axial stress measurement of common bolts was performed, and the feasibility of the method was demonstrated. Finally, the axial stress measurements of high-strength short bolts by the multi-scale attenuation method were compared with transition time method and the traditional attenuation method, and it is verified that the ultrasonic multiscale attenuation method is more suitable for the axial stress measurements of high-strength short bolts.

导出引用

余鑫，陈平，胡义亮，付统，李长泽 . 基于超声多尺度衰减的螺栓轴向应力评价[J]. 振动与冲击, 2024, 43(2): 226-233

YU Xin,CHEN Ping,HU Yiliang,FU Tong,LI Changze. Evaluation of the axial stress in bolts based on the ultrasonic multi-scale attenuation method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2024, 43(2): 226-233

参考文献

[1] 孙伟程,关振群,潘嘉诚,等.螺栓法兰结构双连接面耦合振动分析[J].振动与冲击,2022,41(11):210-216. SUN Wei-cheng, Guan Zhen-qun, Pan Jia-cheng, et al. Coupled vibration analysis of double connection surfaces in bolted flange structures[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2022,41(11):210-216. [2] 田彤辉,袁杰红,王青文,等.冲击荷载下级间螺栓法兰连接结构失效实验与数值仿真研究[J].振动与冲击,2019,38(18):40-45. TIAN Tong-hui, YUAN Jie-hong, WANG Qing-wen, et al. Failure experiment and numerical simulation study on interstage bolt flange connection structures under impact load[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2019,38(18):40-45. [3] 余航,舒安庆,丁克勤.电阻应变片敏感栅栅丝尺寸对测量精度影响的研究[J].中国仪器仪表,2021(04):71-75. YU Hang, SHU An-qing, DING Ke-qin. Research on the influence of the size of strain gauge sensitive grid wire on measurement accuracy[J]. China Instrumentation,2021(4):71-75. [4] 朱家林,李长青,侯战鹏.锚杆张拉用扭矩扳手率定方法研究与应用[J].中国水能及电气化,2020(11):41-45. ZHU Jia-lin, LI Chang-qing, HOU Zhan-peng. Study and application of torque wrench calibration method for anchor bolt tension[J]. China Water Power & Electrification,2020(11):41-45. [5] 徐春广,李骁,潘勤学,等.螺栓拉应力超声无损检测方法[J].应用声学,2014,33(2):102-106. XU Chun-guang, LI Xiao, PAN Qin-xue, et al. Bolt stress measurements by ultrasonic non-destructive methods[J]. Journal of Applied Acoustics,2014,33(2):102-106. [6] Chen P, He X, Wang X. Ultrasonic measurement of axial stress using high-frequency cylindrical guided wave[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2020, 21(5): 6691-6697. [7] 孙朝明,王增勇,李建文,等.声弹效应测量螺栓轴向应力的有限元计算分析[J].振动与冲击,2019,38(13):164-171. SUN Chao-ming, WANG Zeng-yong, LI Jian-wen, et al. Finite element analysis for bolt axial stress measurement based on acoustoelastic effect[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,2019,38(13):164-171. [8] 刘彦坤,刘海波,李亚鹏,等.基于电磁超声瑞利波的平面应力测量方法[J].无损检测,2020,42(9):33-38. LIU Yan-kun, LIU Hai-bo, LI Ya-peng, et al. Plane stress measurement based on the electromagnetic ultrasonic Rayleigh wave[J]. Nondestructive Testing,2020,42(9):33-38. [9] Takahashi S, Motegi R. Stress dependency on ultrasonic wave propagation velocity[J]. Journal of materials science, 1987, 22(5): 1850-1856. [10] Takahashi S, Takahashi K. Stress dependency on the ultrasonic wave velocity and attenuation of Fe-C system[J]. Le Journal de Physique IV, 1996, 6(C8): C8-845-C8-848. [11] Turner J A, Ghoshal G. Polycrystals under applied loads: Second-order grain statistics[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 97(3): 031907. [12] Kube C M, Du H, Ghoshal G, et al. Stress-dependent changes in the diffuse ultrasonic backscatter coefficient in steel: Experimental results[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2012, 132(1): EL43-EL48. [13] Kube C M, Turner J A. Stress-dependent ultrasonic scattering in polycrystalline materials[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2016, 139(2): 811-824. [14] Kube C M, Arguelles A P. Pressure influence on elastic wave attenuation in polycrystalline materials[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2019, 146(6): 4183-4189. [15] Weaver R L. Diffusivity of ultrasound in polycrystals[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 1990, 38(1): 55-86. [16] 潘勤学,邵唱,肖定国,等.基于形状因子的螺栓紧固力超声检测方法研究[J].兵工学报,2019,40(04):880-888. PAN Qin-xue, SHAO Sing, XIAO Ding-guo, et al. Study of ultrasonic measurement method for bolt fastening force based on shape factor[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2019,40(04):880-888. [17] Wang L. Influence of bolt shape on ultrasonic fastening stress measurement[J]. Measurement Technique, 1999, 4: 23-25. [18] 李雄兵,宋永锋,胡宏伟,等.基于衰减速率的晶粒尺寸超声评价方法[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(14):1-7. LI Xiong-bing, SONG Yong-feng, HU Hong-wei, et al. Evaluation of grain size using the ultrasonic attenuation rate[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(14):1-7. [19] 刘思峰,蔡华,杨英杰,等.灰色关联分析模型研究进展[J].系统工程理论与实践,2013,33(08):2041-2046. LIU Si-feng, CAI Hua, YANG Ying-jie, et al. Advance in grey incidence analysis modelling[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice,2013,33(08):2041-2046. [20] 李爱国,覃征,鲍复民,贺升平.粒子群优化算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2002(21):1-3+17. LI Ai-guo, QIN Zheng, BAO Fu-min, et al. Particle swarm optimization algorithms[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications,2002(21):1-3+17. [21] Lu Z, Yang C, Qin D, et al. Estimating ultrasonic time-of-flight through echo signal envelope and modified Gauss Newton method[J]. Measurement, 2016, 94: 355-363. [22] Shi Y, Eberhart R. A modified particle swarm optimizer[C]//1998 IEEE international conference on evolutionary computation proceedings. IEEE world congress on computational intelligence (Cat. No. 98TH8360). IEEE, 1998: 69-73. [23] Feng Y, Teng G F, Wang A X, et al. Chaotic inertia weight in particle swarm optimization[C]//Second International Conference on Innovative Computing, Informatio and Control (ICICIC 2007). IEEE, 2007: 475-475. [24] Clerc M. The swarm and the queen: towards a deterministic and adaptive particle swarm optimization[C]//Proceedings of the 1999 congress on evolutionary computation-CEC99 (Cat. No. 99TH8406). IEEE, 1999, 3: 1951-1957.