对巴黎-布鲁塞尔高速铁路地面振动开展现场测试，对比分析了高铁运行引起的路堤和路堑段地面振动特性以及传播衰减规律。基于2.5维有限元法基本原理，推导并建立了高铁荷载下路堤和路堑段2.5维有限元动力计算模型，详细讨论了路堤和路堑设计参数对地面振动特性的影响。结果表明：距轨道较近处的地面振动幅值主要受列车轴重影响，而距轨道较远处则由中间车相邻转向架轮对的叠加效应主导。高铁运行引起的路堤和路堑段地面振动随与轨道距离增加而减小，中高频成分振动的衰减速率显著大于其他频段。路堤和路堑段地面振动1阶主频主要由列车荷载的基频f1主导，随车速提高逐渐向高频方向移动。路堤和路堑对地面振动的衰减规律有重要影响，路堤段地面振动随与轨道间距的衰减过程可分为两个阶段，而路堑段地面振动衰减过程则可分为三个阶段，且振动在堑顶处有较为明显的局部放大现象。当与路堤段轨道间距≥19.0 m（路堑段≥23.0 m）后，地面振动Z振级VLZ均小于80.0 dB。同时，高铁荷载下地面振动随路堤高度或路堑深度的增加而减小，当超过某一限值时，继续增加路堤高度或路堑深度难以有效减小地面振动。路堤段地面振动随路堤弹性模量的增大而减小。此外，在确保稳定性的前提下，较陡的路堑边坡更有利于减小高铁运行引起的地面振动。
Abstract
A field measurement of ground vibration was performed on the Paris-Brussels high-speed railway, the ground vibrations generated by embankment and cutting are analyzed in detail. Based on the 2.5D finite element method (FEM), 2.5D FE models both for the embankment and cutting were established to investigate the effects of the design parameters for both embankment and cutting on ground vibration responses. Results show that, in the near track zone, the amplitudes of ground vibrations are dominated by the axle weight of train, but are mainly influenced by superimposed effect far away from the track which is induced by the adjacent wheelsets and bogies of middle cars. With the increasing distance from the track, the ground vibrations decrease gradually, and the decay rate for the medium and high frequency vibrations is higher than others. The primary frequency of ground vibrations is dominated by the basic frequency of train loading f1, which increases with the raising train speed. Embankment and cutting have a significant influence on the attenuation law of ground vibrations. The process of ground vibration attenuation could be divided into two stages for the embankment section, but three stages for the cutting section. And there are rebound phenomena of ground vibrations occur at the top of cutting slope. For the embankment section, when the distance to the track is beyond 19.0 m (23.0 m for the railway cutting), the frequency-weighted vertical acceleration levels of ground vibrations (VLZ) could stay below 80.0 dB. The ground vibration decreases with the increasing embankment height or cutting depth. However, when the height or depth is beyond a critical value, such benefit of earthwork profiles on vibration reduction can hardly be increased further. Meanwhile, the ground vibration decreases with the increasing elastic modulus of embankment. Additionally, in the precondition of the cutting slope stability, a larger inclined angle is really beneficial to the reducing ground vibration.
关键词
高速铁路 /
地面振动 /
路堤 /
路堑 /
现场测试 /
2.5维有限元法
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Key words
high-speed railway /
ground vibrations /
embankment /
cutting /
field measurements /
2.5D FEM
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