循环压缩和冲击下聚氨酯发泡塑料的能量吸收

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摘要本文基于聚氨酯发泡塑料的准静态压缩和落锤冲击试验，分析其在中低应变率下的力学性能和能量吸收性能，得到了该材料的应力-应变曲线和能量吸收图,研究了不同应变率和循环静动态试验对该材料缓冲性能的影响。随着初始应变率由 2.56×10-3 s-1 （准静态）增加至4.01×101s-1、5.08×101s-1 和5.68×101s-1 ，材料的应力和能量吸收明显增大，应变为0.4时动态应力分别比静态应力增加了54.34%、79.35%和114.49%，所吸收的能量分别比静态增加了18.98%、30.09%和65.74%。对同一材料先后进行五次循环准静态压缩或落锤冲击试验，与首次试验相比第二、三、四、五次试验应力和能量吸收明显下降，应变为0.4时静态应力分别下降了18.48%、32.97%、36.59%和39.49%，动态应力分别下降了20.81%、28.48%、34.75%和34.75%，准静态压缩能量吸收分别下降了24.54%、37.50%、40.74%和43.52%，落锤冲击能量吸收分别下降了15.30%、24.20%、30.25%和30.96%。中低应变率下，聚氨酯发泡塑料的应变率效应十分明显，循环准静态压缩和落锤冲击效应同样十分明显。循环试验达到一定次数后，材料缓冲性能基本保持不变，可用此数据作为缓冲包装设计的依据。研究结果对于聚氨酯发泡塑料的合理缓冲包装设计有指导意义。

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	王立军1
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	张岩1
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	王志伟?1
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关键词 ：聚氨酯发泡塑料, 应变率, 循环试验, 应力-应变曲线, 能量吸收图

Abstract：

Based on quasi-static compression and drop hammer impact tests, the mechanical property and energy absorption of expanded polyurethane (EPU) were analyzed, and the stress-strain curve and energy absorption diagram were obtained at low and intermediate strain rates. The effects of different initial strain rates and cycling compression and impact tests on the cushioning properties of EPU were investigated. The stress and energy absorption of EPU increased obviously when the initial strain rate increased from 2.56×10-3 s-1 (quasi-static) to 4.01×101s-1, 5.08×101s-1 and 5.68×101s-1. Compared with the lowest initial strain rate, the stress increased respectively 54.34%, 79.35% and 114.49%, and the energy absorption 18.98%, 30.09% and 65.74% when the strain was 0.4. Five times cycling static compression or drop hammer impact tests were carried out on each sample. Compared with the first test, the stress and energy absorption of EPU in the rest tests declined obviously. When the strain was 0.4, the static stress declined respectively 18.48%, 32.97%, 36.59% and 39.49%, the dynamic stress 20.81%, 28.48%, 34.75% and 34.75%, the energy absorption in quasi-static compression 24.54%, 37.50%, 40.74% and 43.52%, and the energy absorption in drop hammer impact 15.30%, 24.20%, 30.25% and 30.96%. The effects of strain rate and cycling compression and impact on the cushioning property of EPU were obvious at low and intermediate strain rates. After some cycling static compression or drop hammer impact, the cushioning properties of EPU remained unchanged. So, we can design cushioning packaging according to the data. The results of this study can provide the reference for the design of EPU in cushioning packaging.

Key words： expanded polyurethane strain rate cycling test stress-strain curve energy absorption diagram

收稿日期: 2014-02-08 出版日期: 2015-03-15

引用本文:

王立军1,2，张岩1,2，王志伟?1,2. 循环压缩和冲击下聚氨酯发泡塑料的能量吸收[J]. 振动与冲击, 2015, 34(5): 44-48.
Wang Li-Jun1,2, Zhang Yan1,2, Wang Zhi-Wei1,2. Energy Absorption of Expanded Polyurethane under Cycling Compression and Impact. JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND SHOCK, 2015, 34(5): 44-48.

链接本文:

http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/ 或 http://jvs.sjtu.edu.cn/CN/Y2015/V34/I5/44

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