Abstract:Bonding technology is widely used in modern industry.Interfacial de-bonding causes damage to structural integrity.A method for interfacial de-bonding recognition based on subharmonic resonance analysis was proposed here.A bonded structure was simplified into a single-DOF model, and the multi-scale method was used to analyze its subharmonic resonance phenomena, and qualitatively analyze interfacial de-bonding subharmonic resonance’s exciting conditions.A bonded aluminum plate structure was taken as the test object.Piezoelectric actuator units/sensor units were bonded on the surface of the aluminum beam, and excitation signals with different frequencies and voltages acted on actuators, sensors received the structure’s response signals.The frequency spectral analysis was performed for these response signals, and interfacial de-bonding was recognized through extracting subharmonic components in response spectra.The results of numerical simulation and tests demonstrated that subharmonic components’ appearing needs specific excitation conditions; the proposed subharmonic resonance detection method can be used to effectively recognize interfacial de-bonding.
[1] 滕旭东, 孙健明, 肖齐,等. 固体粘接界面的非线性共振特性研究[J]. 声学技术, 2014, 33(2): 104-107.
Teng Xudong, Sun Jianming, Xiao Qi, et al. Characterization of nonlinear resonance between bonded solid interfaces [J]. Technical Acoustics. 2014, 33(2): 104-107.
[2] 周正干, 刘斯明. 非线性无损检测技术的研究、应用和发展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2011, 47(8):2-11.
Zhou Zhenggan, Liu Siming. Nonlinear ultrasonic techniques used in nondestructive testing: A review [J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2011, 47(8):2-11.
[3] 安志武, 王小民, 毛捷,等. 粘接界面的非线性弹簧模型及实验验证[J]. 声学学报, 2010, 35(5): 481-487.
An Zhiwu, Wang Xiaomin, Mao Jie, et al. Theoretical and experiment research on nonlinear spring models of a bonding interface [J]. Acta Acustica. 2010, 35(5): 481-487.
[4] 江念, 王召巴, 金永,等. 复合结构界面粘接质量的非线性超声检测[J]. 兵工学报, 2014, 35(3): 398-402.
Jian Nian, Wang Zhaoba, Jin Yong, et al. Measurement of interface bond quality of composite structure using nonlinear ultrasound [J]. Acta Armamentarii. 2014, 35(3):398-402.
[5] Achenbach J D, Parikh O K. Ultrasonic analysis of nonlinear response and strength of adhesive bonds[J]. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. 1991, 5(8):601-618.
[6] Yelve N P, Mitra M, Mujumdar P M. Detection of stiffener disbonding in a stiffened aluminium panel using nonlinear Lamb wave[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2015, 89:267-272.
[7] Yelve N P, Mitra M, Mujumdar P M. Higher harmonics induced in lamb wave due to partial debonding of piezoelectric wafer transducers[J]. Ndt & E International, 2014, 63(4): 21-27.
[8] Shui G, Wang Y S, Huang P, et al. Nonlinear ultrasonic evaluation of the fatigue damage of adhesive joint s[J]. Ndt & E International, 2015, 70: 9-15.
[9] Ohara Y, Endo H, Mihara T, et al. Ultrasonic Measurement of Closed Stress Corrosion Crack Depth Using Subharmonic Phased Array[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 2009, 48(7): 1-6.
[10] Guédra M, Cornu C, Inserra C. A derivation of the stable cavitation threshold accounting for bubble-bubble interactions[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2017, 38: 168-173.
[11] Singh A K, Chen B Y, Tan V B, et al. Finite element modeling of nonlinear acoustics/ultrasonics for the detection of closed delaminations in composites.[J]. Ultrasonics, 2017, 74: 89-98.
[12] Zhang M, Xiao L, Qu W, et al. Damage detection of fatigue cracks under nonlinear boundary condition using subharmonic resonance[J]. Ultrasonics, 2017, 77: 152-159.
[13] Maruyama T, Saitoh T, Hirose S. Numerical study on sub-harmonic generation due to interior and surface breaking cracks with contact boundary conditions using time-domain boundary element method[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2017, 126-127: 74-89.
[14] Yan D, Drinkwater B W, Neild S A. Measurement of the ultrasonic nonlinearity of kissing bonds in adhesive joints[J]. NDT & E International. 2009, 42(5): 459-466.
[15] Nayfeh A H, Mook D T. Nonlinear oscillations[M]. John Wiley & Sons, 1979.
[16] Kim G W, Johnson D R, Semperlotti F, et al. Localization of breathing cracks using combination tone nonlinear response[J]. Smart Materials & Structures, 2011, 20(5): 055014.
[17] Li F M, Yao G. 1/3 Subharmonic resonance of a nonlinear composite laminated cylindrical shell in subsonic air flow[J]. Composite Structures, 2013, 100(5): 249-256.
[18] Dittman E, Adams D E. Identification of cubic nonlinearity in disbonded aluminum honeycomb panels using single degree-of-freedom models[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics, 2015, 81(1-2): 1-11.