在线实时检测变压器绕组状态，对保障变压器正常运行尤为重要。绕组的振动信号能反映出绕组的状态，而这些信号能通过布置在变压器箱体上的加速度传感器测量到。通过对某大型变压器短路冲击实验的在线实时检测，利用振动烈度和基于时频分析的方法对变压器绕组的振动信号进行分析。研究表明，与常规电抗法检测相比较，用时频分析方法能更明确反映出变压器绕组的故障特征。

It is important for maintaining the safe operation of power transformer to monitor the states of transformer winding on the real-time basis. The winding’s states can be reflected by its vibration signal, which can be measured by the accelerometers located on the transformer tank. In a short-circuit experiments for one large power transformer, the state of winding of every phase can be initially detected by the change of transformer vibration intensity for every short-circuit shock. The method of time-frequency analysis is further used to analyze the shock signal in order to confirm the winding’s states. Compared with the traditional method based on short-circuit reactance measurement, the time-frequency analysis can exactly show the fault characteristics of the winding.