摘要
滚动轴承广泛应用于航空发动机转子、高速数控机床主轴、高速列车轮对等高速旋转机械系统中，其力学特性和运行状态对整个转子系统的精度、可靠性及寿命等具有重要的影响。当转子-轴承系统在高速旋转时，所产生的离心惯性力和陀螺力矩，使轴承负荷增加，高速旋转的轴承内圈还将发生径向离心膨胀变形；另外，随着运行时间的增长，工作温度将升高，转子、轴承等部件会发生热变形。在离心惯性力和工作温升的综合作用下，轴承结构元件的几何位置关系会发生改变，从而改变轴承的刚度、应力、应变等动态特性。本文考虑了旋转内圈离心膨胀和热膨胀变形对轴承内部几何位移的影响，对Jones提出的轴承模型进行改进，建立了一种高速滚动轴承力学模型，可以预测滚动体与内圈、外圈之间的接触角、接触变形以及接触载荷等参数，并计算轴承刚度。在该轴承力学模型的基础上，研究了静载荷、动态载荷及高转速等工况下滚动轴承内部接触载荷、接触位置的变化规律，并基于材料疲劳失效理论对轴承的损伤机理和早期损伤部位进行了分析，为高速滚动轴承的损伤识别和故障诊断提供理论依据。
Abstract
Rolling bearings are widely used in high-speed rotating machinery systems, such as aero-engine rotors, high-speed CNC machine tool spindles and high-speed locomotive wheelset. The mechanical properties and running state of bearings affect the accuracy, reliability, and life of the whole rotor system significantly. When the rotor-bearing system is rotating at high speed, the generated centrifugal forces and gyroscopic moments increase the loads on the bearings, meanwhile, the bearing inner rings expand radially due to the centrifugal force. In addition, with the increase of the running time, the working temperature rises and thermal deformations happen to the rotor, bearings and other parts. Due to the combined effects from the centrifugal force and risen working temperature, the inside geometric position relations of bearings change, which leads to the change of bearing properties such as stiffness, stress and strain. In this paper, considering the effects of radial centrifugal expansion and thermal deformations on the geometric displacement in the bearings, the Jones’ bearing model is updated and a mechanical model for high-speed rolling bearings is proposed, which can predict the contact angles, deformations and loads between rolling elements and bearing rings. The bearing stiffness can be calculated as well. Based on the proposed mechanical model of rolling bearings, the contact loads and contact position in the bearings are investigated under different working conditions, i.e., static loads, dynamic loads and high speeds. Afterwards, the damage mechanism and incipient damage locations of bearings are analyzed on the basis of the fatigue failure theory of materials, which can provide proofs for the damage detection and fault diagnosis of high-speed rolling bearings.
关键词
高速滚动轴承 /
力学模型 /
损伤机理 /
故障诊断
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Key words
High-speed rolling bearings /
Mechanical model /
Damage mechanism /
Fault diagnosis
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曹宏瑞 何正嘉 訾艳阳.
高速滚动轴承力学特性建模与损伤机理分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2012, 31(19): 134-140
Cao Hong;rui He Zheng;jia Zi Yan;yang.
Mechanical Modeling of High-speed Rolling Bearings and Analysis of Bearing Damage Mechanism[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2012, 31(19): 134-140
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