In order to investigate the anti-explosion behavior of tunnel lining structure under internal blast loading, using commercial hydrocode AUTODYN, a three-dimensional coupling model including explosive, air, lining structure, surrounding rock and soil was established, and the sophisticated concrete model considering strain rate effects and appropriate coupling at air-solid interface were used to simulate the dynamic response and damage process of tunnel lining structure. Comparative analyses were conducted about the anti-explosion behavior of tunnel lining structure with different explosive charge, reinforcement ratios of lining structure and geological conditions. The results show that the blast loading induced inside the tunnel exists a certain degree of oscillation and attenuates respectively by different laws along longitudinal direction and radial direction; the damages of lining structure mainly focus on bottom plate, connection parts between bottom plate and vertical wall as well as between vertical wall and arc rib; on the other hand, higher reinforcement ratio of lining structure and better quality of surrounding rock not only reduce the damage level of lining structure, but also enhance the overall anti-explosion behavior of tunnel.