摘要
本文建立了考虑多车效应的重载列车-轨道系统精细化动力分析模型,对车辆、钩缓装置中各种细部构件及部件间接触摩擦等作用机制进行了精细模拟,基于Hertz理论及FASTSIM算法进行轮轨接触计算,轨道建模利用自主研发设备通过现场参数试验完成。对重载铁路曲线地段列车-轨道系统动力性能以及曲线参数的影响规律进行了深入研究,结论如下:1)缓和曲线地段轮轨相互作用规律复杂,列车不同位置车轮受力呈现迥异的变化趋势和幅度,前后缓和曲线段轮轨相互作用也完全不同,这主要由超高顺坡及车辆构造引起;缓和曲线长度过短导致超高顺坡过大,对列车运行很不利,缓和曲线长度对动力性能影响曲线往往存在拐点,建议以拐点值限定最小缓和曲线长度;增长缓和曲线可有效减弱轮轨相互作用,并主要通过减缓列车首车和导向轮对的磨耗来实现整体磨耗的降低;但随着缓和曲线长度的不断增加,对动力性能的改善效果越来越不明显。2)我国重载铁路小半径曲线超高设置通常偏大,建议适当降低超高值、设置10%~20%的欠超高,有利于改善轮轨受力、减缓磨耗。3)增大曲线半径有利于减弱轮轨相互作用及磨耗,但随半径增大这种改善作用越来越小。
Abstract
An elaborate heavy haul train-track coupling dynamic model is established, taking into account multiple vehicles. Various components and interactions between components (e.g. contact friction) in the vehicle and coupler buffer device are modeled detailedly. The wheel-rail contact interactions are calculated based on Hertz’s theory and Kalker’s FASTSIM algorithm. The track model is established with the help of field parameter experiments conducted through self-developed devices. Dynamic characteristics of train-track system in curve sections and influence regularities of curve parameters on dynamic characteristics are investigated and the following conclusions are drawn: 1) The wheel-rail interactions are complicated in transition curve sections. Forces of different wheels present different variation trends and amplitudes, and wheel-rail interactions are also definitely different in front and rear transition curve sections. This is mainly caused by the superelevation slope and the vehicle structure. It is rather adverse for the train operation if the length of transition curve is too short. There usually exists an inflexion in the influencing curves of transition curve length on dynamic characteristics. It is suggested the smallest length of transition curve be determined according to the inflexion value. Lengthening the transition curve can effectively decrease the wheel-rail interactions and decrease the total wear mainly through reducing the wear of the leading vehicle and guide wheelsets. However, as the length of transition curve increases, the improvements of dynamic characteristics become less obvious. 2) The superelevation of the outer rail in small-radius curves is generally large in heavy haul railway of China. It is suggested to reduce the superelevation properly and set an inadequate superelevation of 10%-20%, which is conductive to decreasing the wheel-rail interactions and wear. 3) Increasing the radius of curve is advantageous for improving the wheel-rail interactions. While the improvement becomes smaller with the radius increasing larger.
关键词
重载铁路 /
曲线 /
列车-轨道耦合动力学 /
多车效应 /
车钩缓冲装置
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Key words
heavy haul railway /
curve /
train-track coupling dynamics /
multi-vehicle effect /
coupler buffer device
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高 亮;王 璞;蔡小培;叶军.
基于多车精细建模的曲线地段重载列车-轨道系统动力性能研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2014, 33(22): 1-6
WANG Pu;GAO Liang;CAI Xiaopei;YE Jun.
STUDY ON DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAIN-TRACK SYSTEM IN CURVES BASED ON ELABORATE MULTI-VEHICLE MODEL[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2014, 33(22): 1-6
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