Based on the seismic damage distribution characteristics and evolution law of different types of structural components in a typical ultra-tall steel-concrete composite building structure, a seismic damage model at the story level was proposed aimed at the research of steel reinforced concrete frame-concrete tube composite structure, considering the different importance of different types of components. Then based on the above model, combining the weighting coefficients of the story position and the damage index, the global damage model was established, which can reflects the distribution characteristics of story damage. At last, as a case study, the nonlinear earthquake responses of a steel-concrete composite structure was calculated with the aid of Perform-3D program, the features of damage distribution and evolution were analyzed, and the damage indices of individual level were determined by the damage model proposed in this study, which verifies the reasonability of the damage model.